{"id":"https://openalex.org/W592431353","doi":null,"title":"J. M. W. Turner: The making of a modern artist","display_name":"J. M. W. Turner: The making of a modern artist","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W592431353","mag":"592431353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016378840","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016378840&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089338663","display_name":"Sam Smiles","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Smiles","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037237281","display_name":"J. M. W. Turner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. W. Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15946763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13922","display_name":"Historical Art and Culture Studies","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13922","display_name":"Historical Art and Culture Studies","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14380","display_name":"Libraries and Information Services","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12632","display_name":"Visual Culture and Art Theory","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/j-m-w-turner","display_name":"J. M. W. Turner","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"reputation","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posthumous-exhibition","display_name":"posthumous exhibition","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-criticism","display_name":"art criticism","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tate-gallery","display_name":"Tate Gallery","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-council","display_name":"British Council","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tate-modern","display_name":"Tate Modern","score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1960s-art","display_name":"1960s art","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modernism","display_name":"modernism","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/romanticism","display_name":"Romanticism","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-painting","display_name":"landscape painting","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-collecting","display_name":"art collecting","score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-patronage","display_name":"art patronage","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nationalism-in-art","display_name":"art and nationalism","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-and-war","display_name":"art and war","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-and-peace","display_name":"art and peace","score":0.31200000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781185075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211557","display_name":"Bequest","level":2,"score":0.8131192922592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37531588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464980","display_name":"Exhibition","level":2,"score":0.7000181674957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.6042981147766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.5008206367492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776288485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5018342","display_name":"Calais","level":2,"score":0.4849141240119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45012715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746628","display_name":"Studio","level":2,"score":0.4628433883190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8038170","display_name":"Wright","level":2,"score":0.4456155300140381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777038452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748289","display_name":"Tribute","level":2,"score":0.44289156794548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195889767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174705","display_name":"Oil painting","level":3,"score":0.43844494223594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.4294503927230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.36656075716018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.33269524574279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1456272304058075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12447312474250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016378840","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016378840&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:592431353","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA84626176","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6997064090","https://openalex.org/W7038943167","https://openalex.org/W6991899608","https://openalex.org/W629831434","https://openalex.org/W7029472836","https://openalex.org/W2016700382","https://openalex.org/W7040129743","https://openalex.org/W4235136842","https://openalex.org/W6992041487","https://openalex.org/W7043609902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"pages":[1,8,20,30,38,50,58,61],"1-12":[2],"Chapter":[3,10,22,32,40,52],"One":[4],"Legacies":[5],"and":[6,18,25,47,79,159,320,413,826,972],"reputations":[7],"13-63":[9],"Two":[11],"Taking":[12],"Turner's":[13],"measure":[14],"-":[15],"posthumous":[16],"exhibitions":[17,49],"writings":[19],"64-112":[21],"Three":[23],"Turner":[24,34,42,54,108,174,197,222,247,284,356,377,403,449,495,517,552,587,612,638,663,709,719,757,781,805,842,866,890,914,939,962],"modern":[26],"criticism,":[27],"c.":[28],"1890-1970":[29],"113-162":[31],"Four":[33],"at":[35,132,184,336,342,561,692,721,899,975],"the":[36,44,56,82,91,93,107,112,146,160,173,178,196,201,221,226,233,246,251,257,268,271,283,288,296,299,355,360,376,381,390,402,407,433,448,453,482,494,499,516,521,532,536,539,551,556,569,586,591,611,616,662,667,676,684,708,713,722,731,756,761,767,780,785,804,809,816,832,841,846,865,870,889,894,913,918,938,943,961,966,976],"Tate":[37,673,723,726],"163-203":[39],"Five":[41],"abroad:":[43],"British":[45],"Council":[46],"other":[48],"204-246":[51],"Six":[53],"in":[55,76,87,389,535,642],"1960s":[57],"247-271":[59],"Bibliography":[60],"272-281":[62],"LIST":[63],"OF":[64],"ILLUSTRATIONS":[65],"1.1":[66],"Snowstorm:":[67],"Steam":[68,412],"Boat":[69],"off":[70],"a":[71,208,572,734],"Harbour's":[72],"Mouth":[73],"making":[74],"Signals":[75],"Shallow":[77],"Water,":[78],"going":[80],"by":[81,261],"Lead.":[83],"The":[84,157,205,230,309,330,426,476,595,620,631,636,681,717,740,874],"Author":[85],"was":[86],"this":[88],"Storm":[89],"on":[90,99,120,165,188,213,238,275,304,325,347,368,394,421,440,471,486,508,543,578,603,626,653,700,730,748,771,796,820,836,856,880,904,930,953],"Night":[92],"Ariel":[94],"left":[95],"Harwich":[96],"(1842),":[97,163,186],"oil":[98,119,164,187,212,237,274,303,324,346,367,393,420,439,470,485,507,542,577,602,625,652,699,747,770,795,929],"canvas,":[100,121,166,189,214,239,276,305,326,348,369,395,422,441,472,487,509,544,579,604,627,701,749,797,931],"91.5":[101,798,932],"x":[102,123,168,191,216,241,278,307,328,350,371,397,424,443,474,489,511,546,581,606,629,657,703,751,775,799,859,883,907,933,956],"122.":[103,425,512,547,582],"Clore":[104,170,193,218,243,280,352,373,399,445,491,513,548,583,608,659,705,753,777,801,838,862,886,910,935,958],"Gallery":[105,171,194,219,244,281,353,374,400,446,492,514,549,584,609,660,674,706,754,778,802,839,863,887,911,936,959],"for":[106,172,195,220,245,267,282,354,375,401,432,447,493,515,550,568,585,610,661,707,755,779,803,840,864,888,912,937,960],"Collection.":[109,175,198,223,248,285,357,378,404,450,496,518,553,588,613,664,679,710,758,782,806,843,867,891,915,940,963],"Bequest":[110,176,199,224,249,286,358,379,405,451,497,519,554,589,614,665,711,759,783,807,844,868,892,916,941,964],"of":[111,143,177,200,207,225,232,250,270,287,298,359,380,406,452,498,520,555,571,590,615,645,666,672,683,690,712,733,760,784,808,831,845,869,893,917,942,950,965,978],"artist":[113,179,202,227,252,289,361,382,408,454,500,522,557,592,617,668,714,762,786,810,847,871,895,919,944,967],"1856.":[114],"1.2":[115],"Thomson's":[116],"Aeolian":[117],"Harp(1809),":[118],"166.7":[122],"306,":[124],"City":[125],"Art":[126],"Galleries,":[127],"Manchester.":[128],"1.3":[129],"Pope's":[130],"Villa":[131],"Twickenham":[133],"(1808),":[134],"engraved":[135,150],"J.":[136],"Pye":[137],"(1811).":[138],"Private":[139,153,678],"collection.":[140,154],"1.4":[141],"Field":[142],"Waterloo":[144,598],"from":[145,256,538,742,766,815,948],"Picton":[147],"Tree":[148],"(1835),":[149],"W.":[151],"Miller.":[152],"1.5":[155],"War.":[156],"Exile":[158],"Rock":[161],"Limpet":[162],"79.5":[167],"79.5.":[169],"1856":[180,203,228,253,290,362,383,409,455,501,523,558,593,618,669,715,763,787,811,848,872,896,920,945,968],"1.6":[181],"Peace.":[182],"Burial":[183],"Sea":[185,337,343,900],"87":[190],"86.5.":[192],"1.7":[204],"Hero":[206],"Hundred":[209],"Fights":[210],"(1847),":[211],"91":[215,423,510,545,580],"121.":[217,444,607],"1.8":[229],"Opening":[231],"Walhalla,":[234],"1842":[235],"(1843),":[236],"112.5":[240],"200.5.":[242],"1.9":[254],"Rome":[255],"Vatican.":[258],"Raffaelle,":[259],"accompanied":[260],"La":[262],"Fornarina,":[263],"preparing":[264,462],"his":[265],"pictures":[266],"decoration":[269],"loggia":[272],"(1820),":[273],"177":[277],"335.5.":[279],"1.10":[291],"Dido":[292],"building":[293],"Carthage":[294],"or":[295],"Rise":[297],"Carthaginian":[300],"Empire":[301],"(1815),":[302,484],"155.5":[306],"232,":[308],"National":[310,331,427,477,632],"Gallery,":[311,332,428,478,633,724],"London.":[312,333,429,479,634],"1.11":[313],"Sun":[314],"rising":[315],"through":[316],"Vapour":[317],"Fishermen":[318],"cleaning":[319],"selling":[321],"Fish":[322],"(1807),":[323],"134.5":[327],"179,":[329],"2.1":[334],"Fire":[335],"now":[338,526,686,736],"known":[339,527,565,687,737],"as":[340,528,566,688,738],"Disaster":[341],"(c.":[344,575,600,623,650,697,793,927],"1835),":[345,576],"171.5":[349],"220.5.":[351],"2.2":[363],"Chichester":[364],"Canal":[365],"(c.1828),":[366,392],"65.5":[370],"134.5.":[372],"2.3":[384],"Petworth":[385,562],"Park:":[386],"Tillington":[387],"Church":[388],"distrance":[391],"64.5":[396],"145.5.":[398],"2.4":[410],"Rain,":[411],"Speed":[414],"-The":[415],"Great":[416,573],"Western":[417],"Railway":[418],"(1844),":[419],"2.5":[430],"'Hurrah!":[431],"Whaler":[434],"Erebus!":[435],"Another":[436],"Fish!',":[437],"(1846),":[438],"90":[442,702],"2.6":[456],"Calais":[457],"Pier,":[458],"with":[459,531,791,923],"French":[460],"Poissards":[461],"fdor":[463],"Sea:":[464],"an":[465],"English":[466],"Packet":[467],"arriving":[468],"(1803),":[469],"172":[473],"240.":[475],"3.1":[480],"Crossing":[481],"Brook":[483],"193":[488],"165.":[490],"3.2":[502],"Norham":[503],"Castle,":[504],"Sunrise":[505,898],"(c.1845-50),":[506],"3.3":[524],"Hastings":[525],"Brighton":[529],"Beach":[530],"Chain":[533],"Pier":[534],"Distance,":[537],"west,":[540],"(1830-35)":[541],"3.4":[559],"Interior":[560],"[":[563],"also":[564],"study":[567],"Sack":[570],"House]":[574],"4.1":[594],"Thames":[596],"above":[597],"Bridge":[599],"1830-5),":[601],"90.5":[605],"4.2":[619],"Evening":[621],"Star":[622],"1830),":[624,794],"92.5":[628],"123.":[630],"4.3":[635],"new":[637,718],"Wing":[639],"(Gallery":[640],"VI)":[641],"1910.":[643],"University":[644],"Plymouth.":[646],"4.4":[647],"Walton":[648],"Reach":[649],"1807),":[651],"mahogany":[654,772],"veneer,":[655,773],"37":[656,774],"73.5.":[658],"4.5":[670],"Plan":[671],"between":[675],"wars.":[677],"4.6":[680],"Burning":[682],"Ships":[685],"Disembarkation":[689],"Louis-Philippe":[691],"Portsmouth,":[693],"8":[694],"October":[695],"1844":[696],"1845),":[698],"120.5.":[704],"4.7":[716],"displays":[720],"1967.":[725],"Archive.":[727],"5.1":[728],"Scene":[729],"Banks":[732],"River":[735],"Dieppe:":[739],"Port":[741],"Quai":[743],"Henri":[744],"IV":[745],"(1828),":[746],"60.5":[750],"89.":[752],"5.2":[764],"Eton":[765],"river":[768],"(c.1807),":[769],"66.5.":[776],"5.3":[788],"Rocky":[789],"Bay":[790],"Figures":[792],"124.5.":[800],"5.4":[812],"Tintern":[813],"Abbey":[814],"East":[817],"(c.1794),":[818],"watercolour":[819,835,855,903,952],"paper,":[821,837,857,881,905,954],"V":[822],"&":[823],"A":[824],"Images/Victoria":[825],"Albert":[827],"Museum.":[828],"5.5":[829],"Source":[830],"Arveron":[833],"(c.1810),":[834],"6.1":[849],"San":[850],"Giorgio":[851],"Maggiore":[852],"early":[853],"morning(1819),":[854],"8.8":[858,884],"11.9":[860],"inches.":[861,885],"6.2":[873],"Pink":[875],"Sky":[876],"(after":[877,901],"1820).":[878],"Watercolour":[879],"7.25":[882],"6.3":[897],"1820),":[902],"11.5":[906],"15.5":[908],"inches,":[909],"6.4":[921],"Seascape":[922],"storm":[924],"coming":[925],"on,":[926],"1840),":[928],"121.5.":[934],"6.5":[946],"Arth":[947],"Lake":[949],"Zug,":[951],"?":[955],"?,":[957],"6.6":[969],"Turner:":[970],"Imagination":[971],"Reality":[973],"installed":[974],"Museum":[977],"Modern":[979],"Art,":[980],"New":[981],"York,":[982],"1966":[983]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}