{"id":"https://openalex.org/W59137702","doi":null,"title":"Tourists, gorillas and guns: integrating conservation and development in the Central African Republic","display_name":"Tourists, gorillas and guns: integrating conservation and development in the Central African Republic","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W59137702","mag":"59137702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:15848","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/15848/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Colin A. Hodgkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5365-8119","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5365-8119"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Colin A. Hodgkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5365-8119","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13961","display_name":"Socioeconomics of Resources and Conservation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-based-conservation","display_name":"community-based conservation","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife-hunting","display_name":"wildlife hunting","score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-migration","display_name":"in-migration","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protected-area-management","display_name":"protected area management","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-african-republic","display_name":"Central African Republic","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777864736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154590","display_name":"Community-based conservation","level":2,"score":0.7055229544639587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776217272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34577","display_name":"Poaching","level":3,"score":0.6130103468894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5521008372306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778979077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330190","display_name":"Receipt","level":2,"score":0.5353164672851562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.521916389465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147366489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766328","display_name":"Wildlife conservation","level":3,"score":0.5183601975440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779223538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473972","display_name":"Protected area","level":2,"score":0.5135324597358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.5115159749984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.5044564008712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.47933492064476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.457061231136322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.4142463803291321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53571324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179049","display_name":"Nature reserve","level":2,"score":0.41254425048828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40660861134529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.40358981490135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.32813066244125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.22469940781593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.19562256336212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1487846076488495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:15848","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/15848/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:59137702","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/15848/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508231","display_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"},{"score":0.4595000147819519,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":239,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63174127","https://openalex.org/W68199979","https://openalex.org/W69909878","https://openalex.org/W74730613","https://openalex.org/W128703261","https://openalex.org/W157976445","https://openalex.org/W167945061","https://openalex.org/W236578730","https://openalex.org/W280763890","https://openalex.org/W307192123","https://openalex.org/W312223824","https://openalex.org/W336138433","https://openalex.org/W356515832","https://openalex.org/W426272536","https://openalex.org/W574180267","https://openalex.org/W575891175","https://openalex.org/W576937319","https://openalex.org/W609009389","https://openalex.org/W610685541","https://openalex.org/W615067815","https://openalex.org/W623402548","https://openalex.org/W629585045","https://openalex.org/W823732166","https://openalex.org/W1493865993","https://openalex.org/W1498755487","https://openalex.org/W1511609608","https://openalex.org/W1520004328","https://openalex.org/W1520004335","https://openalex.org/W1524906848","https://openalex.org/W1537166239","https://openalex.org/W1538833120","https://openalex.org/W1562860249","https://openalex.org/W1564782965","https://openalex.org/W1567615555","https://openalex.org/W1579689933","https://openalex.org/W1582031285","https://openalex.org/W1582435279","https://openalex.org/W1590583703","https://openalex.org/W1592955475","https://openalex.org/W1593101019","https://openalex.org/W1599866975","https://openalex.org/W1600597956","https://openalex.org/W1608236432","https://openalex.org/W1712922378","https://openalex.org/W1733573047","https://openalex.org/W1822466154","https://openalex.org/W1965399809","https://openalex.org/W1968223252","https://openalex.org/W1968651639","https://openalex.org/W1971347574","https://openalex.org/W1971525184","https://openalex.org/W1972325773","https://openalex.org/W1973895935","https://openalex.org/W1976551241","https://openalex.org/W1977163259","https://openalex.org/W1978102650","https://openalex.org/W1980833840","https://openalex.org/W1986420859","https://openalex.org/W1986533395","https://openalex.org/W1989529275","https://openalex.org/W1990973696","https://openalex.org/W1991383976","https://openalex.org/W1992759957","https://openalex.org/W1992860926","https://openalex.org/W1992916483","https://openalex.org/W1993096430","https://openalex.org/W1993529989","https://openalex.org/W1997431269","https://openalex.org/W1999703491","https://openalex.org/W1999932719","https://openalex.org/W2001478272","https://openalex.org/W2004475311","https://openalex.org/W2006614782","https://openalex.org/W2006683025","https://openalex.org/W2008696886","https://openalex.org/W2009191430","https://openalex.org/W2011084050","https://openalex.org/W2011931319","https://openalex.org/W2012372036","https://openalex.org/W2018183000","https://openalex.org/W2021344366","https://openalex.org/W2021727968","https://openalex.org/W2023224788","https://openalex.org/W2026763335","https://openalex.org/W2027073409","https://openalex.org/W2027133828","https://openalex.org/W2027507265","https://openalex.org/W2031839214","https://openalex.org/W2032972397","https://openalex.org/W2033059765","https://openalex.org/W2035464508","https://openalex.org/W2035776647","https://openalex.org/W2037388242","https://openalex.org/W2038223896","https://openalex.org/W2039275157","https://openalex.org/W2040353812","https://openalex.org/W2042040000","https://openalex.org/W2043059413","https://openalex.org/W2043211771","https://openalex.org/W2043554460","https://openalex.org/W2045185300","https://openalex.org/W2047296893","https://openalex.org/W2049915130","https://openalex.org/W2053401717","https://openalex.org/W2054667856","https://openalex.org/W2055506452","https://openalex.org/W2055595432","https://openalex.org/W2056689587","https://openalex.org/W2057796645","https://openalex.org/W2059018972","https://openalex.org/W2061646010","https://openalex.org/W2063792035","https://openalex.org/W2064102786","https://openalex.org/W2064938415","https://openalex.org/W2064970509","https://openalex.org/W2064996327","https://openalex.org/W2066791916","https://openalex.org/W2068620367","https://openalex.org/W2068874030","https://openalex.org/W2070396218","https://openalex.org/W2070667165","https://openalex.org/W2072494101","https://openalex.org/W2073321019","https://openalex.org/W2077005931","https://openalex.org/W2077989318","https://openalex.org/W2078858398","https://openalex.org/W2079228637","https://openalex.org/W2079508856","https://openalex.org/W2079977905","https://openalex.org/W2082796972","https://openalex.org/W2084623348","https://openalex.org/W2086250840","https://openalex.org/W2086811403","https://openalex.org/W2089527040","https://openalex.org/W2089900098","https://openalex.org/W2092446248","https://openalex.org/W2092878880","https://openalex.org/W2093210269","https://openalex.org/W2093559267","https://openalex.org/W2095436595","https://openalex.org/W2098754341","https://openalex.org/W2100626790","https://openalex.org/W2100708993","https://openalex.org/W2101804582","https://openalex.org/W2105315400","https://openalex.org/W2107346492","https://openalex.org/W2107423631","https://openalex.org/W2108173127","https://openalex.org/W2108214746","https://openalex.org/W2108629081","https://openalex.org/W2109387750","https://openalex.org/W2111004797","https://openalex.org/W2111852953","https://openalex.org/W2112069917","https://openalex.org/W2112886057","https://openalex.org/W2113442099","https://openalex.org/W2116079289","https://openalex.org/W2117502148","https://openalex.org/W2117551548","https://openalex.org/W2117657700","https://openalex.org/W2117680732","https://openalex.org/W2122701102","https://openalex.org/W2125479571","https://openalex.org/W2126268890","https://openalex.org/W2127085433","https://openalex.org/W2127201601","https://openalex.org/W2127333950","https://openalex.org/W2127782700","https://openalex.org/W2128501260","https://openalex.org/W2129327865","https://openalex.org/W2130220176","https://openalex.org/W2130668995","https://openalex.org/W2134995482","https://openalex.org/W2138313440","https://openalex.org/W2138633487","https://openalex.org/W2139608845","https://openalex.org/W2140861234","https://openalex.org/W2141935063","https://openalex.org/W2145172040","https://openalex.org/W2145582845","https://openalex.org/W2149160517","https://openalex.org/W2150422179","https://openalex.org/W2150898282","https://openalex.org/W2151166860","https://openalex.org/W2152028249","https://openalex.org/W2152160855","https://openalex.org/W2152510168","https://openalex.org/W2152781054","https://openalex.org/W2153175067","https://openalex.org/W2154687282","https://openalex.org/W2155047635","https://openalex.org/W2155340238","https://openalex.org/W2155429509","https://openalex.org/W2155750276","https://openalex.org/W2159331544","https://openalex.org/W2160248521","https://openalex.org/W2163664734","https://openalex.org/W2164623984","https://openalex.org/W2166299854","https://openalex.org/W2166415152","https://openalex.org/W2166506973","https://openalex.org/W2167328405","https://openalex.org/W2170082749","https://openalex.org/W2174383741","https://openalex.org/W2178755795","https://openalex.org/W2181389021","https://openalex.org/W2183555652","https://openalex.org/W2184864019","https://openalex.org/W2185186284","https://openalex.org/W2272193771","https://openalex.org/W2296759099","https://openalex.org/W2310084148","https://openalex.org/W2320658316","https://openalex.org/W2326669464","https://openalex.org/W2328969318","https://openalex.org/W2334971500","https://openalex.org/W2335780615","https://openalex.org/W2341011676","https://openalex.org/W2341663814","https://openalex.org/W2521962638","https://openalex.org/W2522889247","https://openalex.org/W2523239292","https://openalex.org/W2590610666","https://openalex.org/W2760471433","https://openalex.org/W2762757719","https://openalex.org/W2767905780","https://openalex.org/W2770831822","https://openalex.org/W2795780031","https://openalex.org/W2797035976","https://openalex.org/W2798353486","https://openalex.org/W2802767277","https://openalex.org/W2803168041","https://openalex.org/W2913891204","https://openalex.org/W2967232875","https://openalex.org/W2985786782","https://openalex.org/W3112308273","https://openalex.org/W3139253351","https://openalex.org/W3184353705","https://openalex.org/W4241947594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7101168023","https://openalex.org/W3121847941","https://openalex.org/W2756077371","https://openalex.org/W7096067620","https://openalex.org/W2036539865","https://openalex.org/W6992528861","https://openalex.org/W2135450633","https://openalex.org/W6982572824","https://openalex.org/W2255965482","https://openalex.org/W2025048321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrated":[0],"conservation":[1,64,95,223],"and":[2,12,75,94,157,195,209,252],"development":[3,13,77],"programs":[4],"(ICDPs)":[5],"are":[6,163,230],"aimed":[7],"at":[8,89,233],"addressing":[9,246],"both":[10,91,206],"\\nconservation":[11],"issues":[14],"through":[15],"the":[16,22,51,109,116,121,135,143,149,226,249,259,262,280],"involvement":[17],"of":[18,53,108,146,152,205,222,255,279],"local":[19,92,167],"communities":[20,32],"in":[21,115,203,242,270],"process":[23],"\\nof":[24],"wildlife":[25],"management.":[26],"Typically":[27],"this":[28],"involves":[29],"providing":[30],"park-adjacent":[31],"with":[33,97],"\\nconservation-related":[34],"benefits":[35],"to":[36,85,131,174,178,214,272,275],"induce":[37],"pro-conservation":[38,179],"behaviour.":[39],"The":[40],"Dzanga-Sangha":[41],"ICDP":[42],"\\nProject":[43],"(DSP),":[44],"southwest":[45],"Central":[46],"African":[47],"Republic,":[48],"has":[49],"coordinated":[50],"management":[52,268],"a":[54,70,98,184,188,243],"protected":[55],"\\narea":[56],"complex":[57],"since":[58],"1990.":[59],"Its":[60],"activities":[61],"include":[62],"traditional":[63],"measures":[65],"such":[66],"as":[67],"anti-poaching":[68],"\\npatrols,":[69],"developing":[71],"gorilla":[72],"tourism":[73],"programme,":[74],"focused":[76],"activities.":[78],"This":[79,138],"\\nstudy":[80],"adopts":[81],"an":[82],"interdisciplinary":[83],"approach":[84],"evaluate":[86],"its":[87,240],"efficacy":[88,224],"meeting":[90],"\\ndevelopment":[93],"goals,":[96],"strong":[99],"focus":[100],"on":[101,112],"how":[102],"these":[103],"two":[104],"areas":[105],"interact.":[106],"\\nEvaluation":[107],"DSPs":[110],"impact":[111],"poverty":[113],"alleviation":[114],"reserve":[117],"community":[118],"suggests":[119],"that":[120,160,200],"\\nconsiderable":[122],"opportunity":[123],"costs":[124],"caused":[125],"by":[126,134,142,166],"park":[127],"formation":[128],"largely":[129,212],"fail":[130],"be":[132,175],"compensated":[133],"\\nbenefits":[136,162],"provided.":[137],"effect":[139],"is":[140,211],"augmented":[141],"high":[144],"level":[145],"in-migration":[147],"into":[148],"reserve.":[150],"\\nExamination":[151],"discrepancies":[153],"between":[154,261],"cost/benefit":[155],"provision":[156],"recognition":[158],"show":[159],"community-level":[161],"particularly":[164],"undervalued":[165],"residents.":[168],"Attitudinal":[169],"surveys":[170],"suggest":[171],"benefit":[172,216],"\\nrecognition":[173],"strongly":[176],"linked":[177],"attitudes.":[180,219],"However,":[181],"results":[182],"from":[183],"12-month":[185],"\\nmarket":[186],"survey,":[187,192],"concurrent":[189],"household":[190],"consumption":[191],"participant":[193],"observation":[194],"key":[196],"\\ninformant":[197],"interviews":[198],"showed":[199],"conservation-related":[201],"behaviour,":[202],"terms":[204],"wild-food":[207],"\\nextraction":[208],"consumption,":[210],"unrelated":[213],"either":[215],"receipt":[217],"or":[218],"Furthermore,":[220],"\\nevaluation":[221],"suggested":[225],"main":[227],"prey":[228],"species":[229],"being":[231],"hunted":[232],"\\nunsustainable":[234],"rates.":[235],"\\nThis":[236],"empirical":[237],"study":[238],"takes":[239],"place":[241],"growing":[244],"literature":[245],"not":[247],"only":[248],"direct":[250],"social":[251],"\\nenvironmental":[253],"implications":[254],"ICDPs":[256],"but,":[257],"crucially,":[258],"interactions":[260],"two.":[263],"It":[264],"provides":[265],"\\nboth":[266],"applied":[267],"recommendations":[269],"addition":[271],"further":[273],"contributing":[274],"our":[276],"theoretical":[277],"\\nunderstanding":[278],"dual":[281],"development-conservation":[282],"approach.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}