{"id":"https://openalex.org/W591215669","doi":null,"title":"Meanings of Life","display_name":"Meanings of Life","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W591215669","mag":"591215669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:591215669","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA14022559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083945877","display_name":"Roy Frederick Baumeister","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1413-3296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1413-3296"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roy F. Baumeister","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1413-3296","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083945877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1354,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97464789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12521","display_name":"Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10509","display_name":"Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning-in-life","display_name":"meaning in life","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/happiness","display_name":"happiness","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suffering","display_name":"suffering","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/death","display_name":"death","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-of-purpose","display_name":"sense of purpose","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/values","display_name":"values","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-worth","display_name":"self-worth","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divorce","display_name":"divorce","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-conversion","display_name":"religious conversion","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-sexuality","display_name":"female sexuality","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-ethic","display_name":"work ethic","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-deception","display_name":"self-deception","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes","display_name":"attitudes","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8","display_name":"Happiness","level":2,"score":0.8327224850654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.7016040682792664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5616247653961182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4929795265197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519517224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12827256","display_name":"Mythology","level":2,"score":0.4894758462905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4350832998752594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4251858592033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61783943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970348","display_name":"Luck","level":2,"score":0.4251408874988556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.39263564348220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1340165138244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:591215669","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA14022559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2907949617","https://openalex.org/W4224319679","https://openalex.org/W1498141138","https://openalex.org/W2492934377","https://openalex.org/W3025127735","https://openalex.org/W2902169857","https://openalex.org/W4387408357","https://openalex.org/W2768984291","https://openalex.org/W4381416025","https://openalex.org/W9471257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,53],"this":[1],"extraordinary":[2],"book,":[3],"an":[4],"eminent":[5],"social":[6,99],"scientist":[7],"explores":[8,64,111],"what":[9,76,81,97],"empirical":[10],"studies":[11],"from":[12,27],"diverse":[13],"fields":[14],"tell":[15],"us":[16,169],"about":[17,102],"the":[18,98,142,152,157,160,180,199],"human":[19],"condition.":[20],"Meanings":[21],"of":[22,43,50,92,117,127,144,150,154,159,209,215],"Life":[23],"draws":[24],"together":[25],"evidence":[26],"psychology,":[28],"history,":[29],"anthropology,":[30],"and":[31,40,56,80,108,124,131,146,176,196,211],"sociology,":[32],"integrating":[33],"copious":[34],"research":[35],"findings":[36],"into":[37],"a":[38,54,90,115,125,207,212],"clear":[39],"conclusive":[41],"discussion":[42],"how":[44,72,177,186],"people":[45,66],"attempt":[46],"to":[47,140,168,173,201],"make":[48],"sense":[49,116,126],"their":[51,70,122],"lives.":[52],"lively":[55],"accessible":[57],"style,":[58],"emphasising":[59],"facts":[60],"over":[61,121],"theories,":[62],"Baumeister":[63],"why":[65,163],"desire":[67],"meaning":[68],"in":[69],"lives,":[71,123],"these":[73],"meanings":[74],"function,":[75],"forms":[77],"they":[78],"take,":[79],"happens":[82],"when":[83],"life":[84],"loses":[85],"meaning.":[86,183],"The":[87,137],"volume":[88],"includes":[89],"review":[91],"interdisciplinary":[93],"literature":[94],"that":[95,198],"covers":[96],"sciences":[100],"say":[101],"such":[103],"matters":[104],"as":[105],"happiness,":[106],"suffering,":[107],"death.":[109],"It":[110,184],"people's":[112],"need":[113],"for":[114,182],"purpose,":[118],"values,":[119],"control":[120],"self":[128],"worth.":[129],"Divorce":[130],"religious":[132],"conversion":[133],"are":[134,203],"also":[135],"examined.":[136],"book":[138],"attempts":[139],"analyze":[141],"myths":[143],"fulfilment":[145],"higher":[147],"meaning,":[148],"illusions":[149],"eternity,":[151],"suppression":[153],"female":[155],"sexuality,":[156],"failure":[158],"work":[161],"ethic,":[162],"death":[164],"is":[165],"more":[166,189],"threatening":[167],"than":[170,193],"it":[171],"was":[172],"our":[174],"ancestors,":[175],"suffering":[178],"stimulates":[179],"quest":[181],"demonstrates":[185],"happiness":[187,202],"depends":[188],"upon":[190],"one's":[191],"interpretation":[192],"actual":[194],"circumstances,":[195],"shows":[197],"keys":[200],"attitude,":[204],"judicious":[205],"comparison,":[206],"bit":[208],"luck":[210],"healthy":[213],"dose":[214],"self-deception.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":92},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":67}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}