{"id":"https://openalex.org/W59017505","doi":null,"title":"Large scale MMIE training for conversational telephone speech recognition","display_name":"Large scale MMIE training for conversational telephone speech recognition","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W59017505","mag":"59017505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.26.6881","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.26.6881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nist.gov/speech/publications/tw00/html/../pdf/cp220.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111449729","display_name":"PC Woodland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PC Woodland","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084286453","display_name":"Daniel Povey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-3634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-3634"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Povey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-3634","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8824722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-training","display_name":"discriminative training","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hmm-parameter-estimation","display_name":"HMM parameter estimation","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate-reduction","display_name":"word error rate reduction","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood-estimation-comparison","display_name":"maximum likelihood estimation comparison","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.811568021774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7951496839523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.779503345489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7268006801605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.6953889727592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179926584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207714","display_name":"Transcription (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5092884302139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.4926674962043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.47741615772247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.45628318190574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4361411929130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4151929020881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10704910755157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08790981769561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.26.6881","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.26.6881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nist.gov/speech/publications/tw00/html/../pdf/cp220.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.30.3775","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.30.3775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/pub/reports/woodland_stw00.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:329485","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/329485/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"mag:59017505","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://mi.eng.cam.ac.uk/reports/svr-ftp/woodland_stw00.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574530145","https://openalex.org/W1877570817","https://openalex.org/W2033565080","https://openalex.org/W2037740282","https://openalex.org/W2098601596","https://openalex.org/W2099838536","https://openalex.org/W2130086010"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481751294","https://openalex.org/W2003123121","https://openalex.org/W7101246951","https://openalex.org/W2033565080","https://openalex.org/W2131702393","https://openalex.org/W2171244697","https://openalex.org/W1768593110","https://openalex.org/W4231632938","https://openalex.org/W1574530145","https://openalex.org/W1920923476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,87],"lattice-based":[4],"framework":[5],"for":[6,23,46,65],"maximum":[7,78],"mutual":[8],"information":[9],"estimation":[10],"(MMIE)":[11],"of":[12,33,42,49,83,93,140],"HMM":[13,21,107],"parameters":[14,105,139],"which":[15,50],"has":[16],"been":[17],"used":[18],"to":[19,30,58,72,90,132],"train":[20],"systems":[22,111],"conversational":[24],"telephone":[25],"speech":[26,47,109,142],"transcription":[27],"using":[28,77,115],"up":[29],"265":[31],"hours":[32],"training":[34,44,85],"data.":[35],"These":[36],"experiments":[37],"represent":[38],"the":[39,51,91,94,138,144],"largest-scale":[40],"application":[41],"discriminative":[43],"techniques":[45],"recognition":[48,110],"authors":[52],"are":[53,112],"aware,":[54],"and":[55,68],"have":[56],"led":[57],"significant":[59],"reductions":[60],"in":[61,106],"word":[62],"error":[63],"rate":[64],"both":[66],"triphone":[67],"quinphone":[69],"HMMs":[70],"compared":[71],"our":[73],"best":[74],"models":[75],"trained":[76],"likelihood":[79],"estimation.":[80],"The":[81,103],"use":[82],"MMIE":[84],"was":[86],"key":[88],"contributer":[89],"performance":[92],"CU-HTK":[95],"March":[96],"2000":[97],"Hub5":[98],"evaluation":[99],"system.":[100],"1":[101],"INTRODUCTION":[102],"model":[104,125],"based":[108],"normally":[113],"estimated":[114],"Maximum":[116],"Likelihood":[117],"Estimation":[118],"(MLE).":[119],"If":[120],"certain":[121],"conditions":[122],"hold,":[123],"including":[124],"correctness,":[126],"then":[127],"MLE":[128],"can":[129],"be":[130,133],"shown":[131],"optimal.":[134],"However,":[135],"when":[136],"estimating":[137],"HMM-based":[141],"recognisers,":[143],"true":[145],"d...":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}