{"id":"https://openalex.org/W5893824","doi":null,"title":"Breaking out of the innovation box.","display_name":"Breaking out of the innovation box.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W5893824","mag":"5893824","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12195922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12195922","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12195922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard business review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006544915","display_name":"John D. Wolpert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John D Wolpert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006544915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.892,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":188,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98805112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"8","first_page":"76","last_page":"83, 148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.0706000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.01140000019222498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-intermediaries","display_name":"innovation intermediaries","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-innovation","display_name":"sustainable innovation","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-innovation","display_name":"corporate innovation","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-intelligence","display_name":"competitive intelligence","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-partnerships","display_name":"innovation partnerships","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-funding-cuts","display_name":"research funding cuts","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-search-firms","display_name":"executive search firms","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-networks","display_name":"innovation networks","score":0.3269999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6648223400115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139569457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666223","display_name":"Intermediary","level":2,"score":0.6164367198944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71750763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164","display_name":"General partnership","level":2,"score":0.5051890015602112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.5045081377029419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4626840651035309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4594039022922516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.4386109411716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141441539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970908","display_name":"Boom","level":2,"score":0.43565884232521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778929795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17489160","display_name":"Bust","level":3,"score":0.434066504240036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4122958183288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.3375096917152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.18959376215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003405","descriptor_name":"Creativity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007373","descriptor_name":"Interinstitutional Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009936","descriptor_name":"Organizational Innovation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010559","descriptor_name":"Personnel Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030881","descriptor_name":"Disclosure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12195922","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12195922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard business review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:5893824","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12195922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139610675","https://openalex.org/W2025771969","https://openalex.org/W1965448136","https://openalex.org/W2124459957","https://openalex.org/W1991296955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1026812042","https://openalex.org/W7047875096","https://openalex.org/W1980863583","https://openalex.org/W2096601514","https://openalex.org/W4229063079","https://openalex.org/W3047622641","https://openalex.org/W4232942125","https://openalex.org/W3122579574","https://openalex.org/W2104898836","https://openalex.org/W2399698797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"most":[1],"companies,":[2],"investments":[3],"in":[4,68,77,148,164,237],"innovation":[5,87,98,233],"follow":[6],"a":[7,11,89,165,217,238],"boom-bust":[8],"cycle.":[9],"For":[10],"time,":[12],"the":[13,18,26,36,44,78,105,116,123,129,135,160,171,174,181,190,213],"cash":[14],"flows.":[15],"Then,":[16],"as":[17],"economy":[19],"sours":[20],"or":[21,193],"companies":[22,82,187],"rethink":[23],"their":[24,154,199,225,262],"priorities,":[25],"taps":[27],"go":[28],"dry.":[29],"But":[30,143],"when":[31,53],"research":[32],"budgets":[33],"are":[34,39,49,55,62,71,83],"slashed,":[35],"strong":[37],"projects":[38],"often":[40],"abandoned":[41],"along":[42],"with":[43],"weak":[45],"ones.":[46],"Promising":[47],"initiatives":[48,99,130],"cut":[50],"off":[51],"just":[52],"they":[54,220],"about":[56],"to":[57,101,104,179,209,228,241,258],"bear":[58],"fruit.":[59],"Expensive":[60],"labs":[61],"closed;":[63],"partnership":[64],"agreements":[65],"costing":[66],"millions":[67],"legal":[69],"fees":[70],"thrown":[72],"away.":[73],"When":[74],"disruptive":[75],"changes":[76],"competitive":[79],"landscape":[80],"come,":[81],"caught":[84],"flat-footed.":[85],"Sustainable":[86],"requires":[88],"new":[90,243],"approach:":[91],"Instead":[92],"of":[93,109,118,126,134,176,183,216,232],"being":[94],"largely":[95],"isolated":[96],"projects,":[97],"need":[100],"gain":[102],"access":[103],"insights":[106,247],"and":[107,122,195,219,248],"capabilities":[108],"other":[110],"companies.":[111,142],"To":[112],"be":[113,236],"protected":[114],"from":[115,223,246],"ax":[117],"short-term":[119],"cost":[120],"reductions":[121],"faddishness":[124],"born":[125],"easy":[127],"money,":[128],"must":[131],"become":[132],"part":[133],"ongoing":[136],"commerce":[137],"that":[138,254],"takes":[139],"place":[140],"among":[141,186],"how":[144],"can":[145],"businesses":[146,222,259],"traffic":[147],"such":[149],"sensitive":[150,184],"information":[151,185],"without":[152,188,196],"giving":[153],"competitors":[155],"an":[156],"advantage?":[157],"The":[158],"answer,":[159],"author":[161],"contends,":[162],"lies":[163],"practice":[166],"that's":[167],"been":[168],"common":[169],"since":[170],"Middle":[172],"Ages:":[173],"use":[175],"independent":[177],"intermediaries":[178,234],"facilitate":[180],"exchange":[182],"revealing":[189],"principals'":[191],"identities":[192],"motives":[194],"otherwise":[197],"compromising":[198],"interests.":[200],"Executive":[201],"search":[202],"firms,":[203],"for":[204],"example,":[205],"allow":[206],"job":[207],"seekers":[208],"remain":[210],"anonymous":[211],"during":[212],"early":[214],"stages":[215],"search,":[218],"protect":[221],"disclosing":[224],"hiring":[226],"plans":[227],"rivals.":[229],"A":[230],"network":[231],"would":[235],"unique":[239],"position":[240],"visualize":[242],"opportunities":[244],"synthesized":[245],"technologies":[249],"provided":[250],"by":[251],"several":[252],"companies--ideas":[253],"might":[255],"never":[256],"occur":[257],"working":[260],"on":[261],"own.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
