{"id":"https://openalex.org/W589286771","doi":null,"title":"The Law and Economics of Article 82 EC","display_name":"The Law and Economics of Article 82 EC","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W589286771","mag":"589286771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014679851","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014679851&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037340834","display_name":"Robert O\u2019Donoghue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert O\u2019Donoghue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007592085","display_name":"Jorge Padilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-1404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-1404"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Jorge Padilla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":47.1352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99625361,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14362","display_name":"Diverse Legal and Medical Studies","score":0.8525000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14362","display_name":"Diverse Legal and Medical Studies","score":0.8525000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.14030000567436218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14448","display_name":"EU Law and Policy Analysis","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/article-102-tfeu","display_name":"Article 102 TFEU","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abuse-of-dominant-position","display_name":"abuse of dominant position","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-definition","display_name":"market definition","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-market-definition","display_name":"product market definition","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-market-definition","display_name":"geographic market definition","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dominance","display_name":"dominance","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-dominance","display_name":"collective dominance","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superdominance","display_name":"superdominance","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predatory-pricing","display_name":"predatory pricing","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/below-cost-pricing","display_name":"below-cost pricing","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/objective-justification","display_name":"objective justification","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin-squeeze","display_name":"margin squeeze","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exclusive-dealing","display_name":"exclusive dealing","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loyalty-discounts","display_name":"loyalty discounts","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tying","display_name":"tying","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resale-price-maintenance","display_name":"resale price maintenance","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-restraints","display_name":"vertical restraints","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition-law","display_name":"competition law","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-competition-law","display_name":"EU competition law","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779242095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200561","display_name":"Predatory pricing","level":3,"score":0.7418612241744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.7381333708763123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.701860785484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776736423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326498","display_name":"Competition law","level":3,"score":0.4926779866218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4654005467891693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.369174063205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.23787334561347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637","display_name":"Monopoly","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014679851","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014679851&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:589286771","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA76961266","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W658475921","https://openalex.org/W1522796215","https://openalex.org/W2131187804","https://openalex.org/W2099772340","https://openalex.org/W2042814730","https://openalex.org/W138747103","https://openalex.org/W1590979122","https://openalex.org/W1669203193","https://openalex.org/W4242796783","https://openalex.org/W6942425162"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"INTRODUCTION,":[1],"SCOPE":[2],"OF":[3,79,86,92,97,116,156,219,243,268,277,287,304,342,364,378,383],"APPLICATION,":[4],"AND":[5,11,15,27,73,171,186,192,203,211,238,245,251,295,347,388],"BASICFRAMEWORK":[6],"1.1":[7],"INTRODUCTION1.2":[8],"HISTORY,":[9],"DEVELOPMENT,":[10],"MODERNISATION":[12],"OF1.3":[13],"ENTITIES":[14],"ACTIVITIES":[16],"BOUND":[17],"BY":[18],"ARTICLE":[19,24,70,100,106,127,137,145,254,290,323,332],"82":[20,25,71,101,107,128,138,146,255,324,333],"EC1.4":[21],"RELATIONSHIP":[22,167],"BETWEEN":[23,168,190],"EC":[26,72,129,334],"OTHER":[28,74,172,337],"LEGAL":[29,160,280,309,356],"INSTRUMENTS":[30],"1.5":[31],"THE":[32,80,83,90,95,114,119,154,166,217,223,241,247,275,302,308,316,365],"BASIC":[33,42,120,159,355],"PROCEDURAL":[34],"FRAMEWORK2.":[35],"MARKET":[36,40,50,55],"DEFINITION2.1":[37],"INTRODUCTION2.2":[38],"PRODUCT":[39,45],"DEFINITION:":[41],"CONCEPTS2.3":[43],"RELEVANT":[44],"MARKETS:":[46],"FROM":[47],"THEORY2.4":[48],"GEOGRAPHIC":[49],"DEFINITION2.5":[51],"SELECTED":[52],"ISSUES":[53,132],"ON":[54,122,352,360,367],"DEFINITION3.":[56],"DOMINANCE3.1":[57],"INTRODUCTION3.2":[58],"SINGLE":[59],"FIRM":[60],"DOMINANCE3.3":[61],"COLLECTIVE":[62],"DOMINANCE3.4":[63],"DOMINANT":[64],"BUYERS3.5":[65],"SUPERDOMINANCE3.6":[66],"COMPARING":[67],"DOMINANCE":[68],"UNDER":[69,99,105,126,136,144,234,253,322,331],"COMMUNITY":[75],"LEGISLATION3.7":[76],"SUBSTANTIAL":[77],"PART":[78],"COMMON":[81],"MARKET4.":[82],"GENERAL":[84,372],"CONCEPT":[85],"AN":[87,177],"ABUSE4.1":[88],"INTRODUCTION4.2":[89],"ECONOMICS":[91,115,155,218,242,276,303],"ABUSIVE":[93,272,283,288],"UNILATERALCONDUCT4.3":[94],"CATEGORIES":[96],"ABUSE":[98,341],"EC4.4":[102],"ANTICOMPETITIVE":[103,178],"EFFECTS":[104],"EC4.5":[108],"OBJECTIVE":[109,148,292],"JUSTIFICATION5.":[110],"PREDATORY":[111,117],"PRICING5.1":[112],"INTRODUCTION5.2":[113],"PRICING5.3":[118],"RULES":[121],"BELOW-COST":[123,134],"PRICE":[124,142,278],"CUTTING":[125],"5.4":[130],"SPECIFIC":[131,285,362],"WITH":[133,175,227,232,315],"PRICING":[135,330],"EC5.5":[139],"EXCLUSIONARY":[140,263,269],"ABOVE-COST":[141],"CUTS":[143],"EC5.6":[147],"JUSTIFICATION6.":[149],"MARGIN":[150,157,164,169,179,184,196],"SQUEEZE":[151,170,180,197],"6.1":[152],"INTRODUCTION6.2":[153],"SQUEEZE6.3":[158],"CONDITIONS":[161,281,357],"FOR":[162,282,311,358],"A":[163],"SQUEEZE6.4":[165],"ABUSES6.5":[173],"DIFFICULTIES":[174,314],"IDENTIFYING":[176],"IN":[181,195],"PRACTICE6.6":[182],"DISCRIMINATORY":[183],"SQUEEZES":[185],"RELATEDSTRATEGIESDominant":[187],"Firm6.7":[188],"CONFLICTS":[189],"REGULATION":[191],"COMPETITION":[193],"LAW":[194],"CASES7.":[198],"EXCLUSIVE":[199,206],"DEALING,":[200],"LOYALTY":[201,208],"DISCOUNTS,":[202],"RELATEDPRACTICES7.1":[204],"INTRODUCTION7.2":[205],"DEALING7.3":[207],"DISCOUNTS7.4":[209],"SUMMARY":[210,294],"CONCLUSION8.":[212],"REFUSAL":[213,220],"TO":[214,221,225,230,249,260,319,328],"DEAL8.1":[215],"INTRODUCTION8.2":[216],"DEAL8.3":[222],"DUTY":[224,229],"DEAL":[226,231],"COMPETITORS8.4":[228],"CUSTOMERS":[233],"ARTICLE82":[235],"EC9.":[236],"TYING":[237,244,250],"BUNDLING9.1.":[239],"INTRODUCTION9.2":[240],"BUNDLING9.3":[246],"APPROACH":[248,318],"BUNDLING":[252],"EC9.4":[256],"SUGGESTED":[257],"ALTERNATIVE":[258,326],"APPROACHES":[259,327],"TYING9.5":[261],"CONCLUSIONS10.":[262],"NON-PRICE":[264,270],"ABUSES10.1":[265],"INTRODUCTION10.2":[266],"EXAMPLES":[267,286],"ABUSES11.":[271],"DISCRIMINATION11.1":[273],"INTRODUCTION11.2":[274],"DISCRIMINATION11.3":[279],"DISCRIMINATION11.4":[284],"DISCRIMINATIONUNDER":[289],"82(C)11.5":[291],"JUSTIFICATION11.6":[293],"CONCLUSION12.":[296],"EXCESSIVE":[297,305,312,320,329],"PRICES":[298,306,321],"12.1":[299],"INTRODUCTION":[300],"12.2":[301],"12.3":[307],"TEST(S)":[310],"PRICES12.4":[313],"CURRENT":[317],"EC12.5":[325],"12.6":[335],"CONCLUSION13.":[336],"EXPLOITATIVE":[338,348],"ABUSES13.1":[339],"INTRODUCTION13.2":[340],"MONOPSONY":[343],"PURCHASING":[344],"POWER13.3":[345],"UNFAIR":[346],"CONTRACT":[349],"TERMS14.":[350],"EFFECT":[351,359,366],"TRADE14.1":[353],"INTRODUCTION14.2":[354],"TRADE14.3":[361],"APPLICATIONS":[363],"TRADE":[368],"CONCEPT15.":[369],"REMEDIES15.1":[370],"INTRODUCTION15.2":[371],"PRINCIPLES":[373],"GOVERNING":[374],"REMEDIES15.3":[375],"PRINCIPAL":[376],"TYPES":[377,382],"ADMINISTRATIVE":[379],"DECISIONS15.4":[380],"PRINICIPAL":[381],"REMEDIES":[384,389],"15.5":[385],"PRIVATE":[386],"LITIGATION":[387]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}