{"id":"https://openalex.org/W5889259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.45.2.0254","title":"The Epistemology of Fiction: Knowing v. \u201cKnowing\u201d","display_name":"The Epistemology of Fiction: Knowing v. \u201cKnowing\u201d","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W5889259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.45.2.0254","mag":"5889259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5325/style.45.2.0254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.45.2.0254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.45.2.0254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68389394","display_name":"Style","issn_l":"0039-4238","issn":["0039-4238","2374-6629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316187","host_organization_name":"University of Arkansas Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316187"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Arkansas Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Style","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014254266","display_name":"Emma Kafalenos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emma Kafalenos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University, St. Louis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University, St. Louis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014254266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00144296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"254","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12461","display_name":"Narrative Theory and Analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12461","display_name":"Narrative Theory and Analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13024","display_name":"Literary Theory and Cultural Hermeneutics","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14092","display_name":"Ethics, Aesthetics, and Art","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology-of-fiction","display_name":"epistemology of fiction","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fictional-minds","display_name":"fictional minds","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterodiegetic-narrator","display_name":"heterodiegetic narrator","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performatives","display_name":"performatives","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/j-l-austin","display_name":"J. L. Austin","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-person-narrative","display_name":"third-person narration","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative-fiction","display_name":"narrative fiction","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-access","display_name":"epistemic access","score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lubomir-dolezel","display_name":"Lubom\u00edr Dole\u017eel","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kate-hamburger","display_name":"K\u00e4te Hamburger","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dorrit-cohn","display_name":"Dorrit Cohn","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gerard-genette","display_name":"G\u00e9rard Genette","score":0.7929999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134141054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965415","display_name":"Performative utterance","level":2,"score":0.802739143371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778184401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156351","display_name":"Clich\u00e9","level":2,"score":0.703298807144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4699447453022003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208195","display_name":"Pleasure","level":2,"score":0.42225778102874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.4093247950077057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.4035941958427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3719968795776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3490782082080841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.18170776963233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5325/style.45.2.0254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.45.2.0254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5325/style.45.2.0254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68389394","display_name":"Style","issn_l":"0039-4238","issn":["0039-4238","2374-6629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316187","host_organization_name":"University of Arkansas Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316187"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Arkansas Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Style","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:5889259","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-277435299/the-epistemology-of-fiction-knowing-v-knowing","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68389394","display_name":"Style","issn_l":"0039-4238","issn":["0039-4238","2374-6629"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316187","host_organization_name":"University of Arkansas Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316187"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Arkansas Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Style","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2313049200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153010779","https://openalex.org/W2972265070","https://openalex.org/W3082913762","https://openalex.org/W4205558969","https://openalex.org/W4389978814","https://openalex.org/W2602568878","https://openalex.org/W2750270524","https://openalex.org/W4296755153","https://openalex.org/W3040860149","https://openalex.org/W4292327231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alan":[0],"Palmer":[1,73,545],"reports":[2],"that":[3,46,81,102,121,221,248,267,356,400,405,420,461,494,526,604],"in":[4,214,299,306,308,346,366,489,497,570,584,586,599,640],"his":[5,35,375],"experience":[6,36],"we":[14,57,67,90,142,201,218,222],"understand":[8,52],"fictional":[9,48,61,279,285,429],"minds":[10,25,49,62,388],"much":[11],"better":[12],"when":[13,180],"apply":[15],"to":[16,134,147,210,251,312,360,410,414,443,481,566,572],"them":[17],"some":[18,117,455],"of":[19,78,118,123,140,152,155,175,199,235,241,254,302,320,326,374,386,393,403,431,446,454,492,500,518,558,589,596,613,623],"the":[20,107,119,132,149,172,176,204,232,236,252,263,269,278,289,313,317,324,347,367,371,381,384,390,401,415,428,432,444,475,490,498,519,523,533,541,547,555,573,580,601,605,636,641],"work":[21],"done":[22],"on":[23],"real":[24,53,71,368],"by":[26,39,182,259,281,427,452,474],"psychologists,":[27],"philosophers,":[28],"and":[29,112,114,167,323,389],"cognitive":[30],"scientists":[31],"(Cognitive":[32],"Approaches').":[33],"Undoubtedly":[34],"is":[37,43,63,131,226,249,287,395,450,459,464,479,496,536,565,609],"shared":[38],"many":[40,614],"readers,":[41],"as":[42,171,554,628],"its":[44],"corollary,":[45],"understanding":[47],"helps":[50],"us":[51,86,440],"minds.":[54,72,328],"But":[55],"what":[56,66,95,141,288,362,527],"can":[58,68,84,91,143,202],"know":[223],"about":[60,70,196,532],"different":[64],"from":[65,592,635],"calls":[74,546],"it":[75,225,293,458,553,633],"a":[197,211,272,353,358,465,528,537,549,590,597,624],"cliche":[77],"literary":[79],"studies":[80],"...":[82,247,370,411,434,468],"novels":[83],"give":[85],"direct":[87,412,441,629],"access":[88,413,442],"[whereas]":[89],"never":[92],"really":[93],"other":[96,462],"people":[97],"are":[98,423,472,486],"thinking.":[99],"I":[173,265],"suggest":[101],"he":[103,478],"rejects":[104],"too":[105],"rapidly":[106],"epistemological":[108,150,318,575],"difference":[109],"between":[110,158,316,383],"fiction":[111,124,242,322,344,394,404,437,571],"nonfiction":[113],"thereby":[115],"loses":[116],"pleasure":[120],"readers":[122],"experience.":[125],"To":[126,560],"my":[127],"knowledge,":[128],"Lubomir":[129],"Dolezel":[130,516],"first":[133],"adapt":[135],"J.":[136],"L.":[137],"Austin's":[138],"analysis":[139],"do":[174,266],"with":[145],"words":[146],"explain":[148],"status":[151,319],"fiction.":[153,559],"Austin,":[154],"course,":[156],"distinguishes":[157],"constative":[159,212],"statements,":[160],"which":[161,600],"may":[162,219],"be":[163,364],"true":[164,227],"or":[165,228],"false,":[166],"performative":[168,193,255,275,391],"statements":[169,276,569],"(such":[170],"wedding":[177],"ceremony),":[178],"which,":[179],"said":[181],"an":[183,244],"authorized":[184],"person":[185,205,463,612],"under":[186],"appropriate":[187],"circumstances,":[188],"make":[189,277],"something":[190,493],"happen.":[191],"A":[192],"statement":[194],"brings":[195],"state":[198],"affairs":[200],"know:":[203],"becomes":[206],"married.":[207],"In":[343],"response":[209],"statement,":[213],"contrast,":[215],"at":[216],"best":[217],"think":[220],"whether":[224],"false.":[229],"For":[230,378],"Dolezel,":[231],"speech":[233,256],"act":[234],"anonymous":[237],"third-person":[238,321],"(heterodiegetic)":[239],"narrator":[240,291,359,530,542,602],"carries":[243],"authentication":[245],"authority":[246],"analogous":[250],"force":[253],"acts":[257],"described":[258],"Austin":[260],"(11).":[261],"Like":[262],"spoken":[264],"makes":[268,579],"speaker":[270],"married,":[271],"heterodiegetic":[273,290,529],"narrator's":[274],"world":[280,286,369,535],"describing":[282],"it.":[283,544],"The":[284,300],"says":[292,419,512,531,543],"is.":[294],"Even":[295],"earlier,":[296],"Kate":[297],"Hamburger,":[298],"Logic":[301],"Literature":[303],"(initially":[304],"published":[305],"German":[307],"1957),":[309],"draws":[310],"attention":[311],"necessary":[314,396],"correlation":[315],"representation":[325,385],"characters'":[327,341,387],"(1)":[329],"Developing":[330],"Hamburger's":[331],"ideas,":[332],"Dorrit":[333],"Cohn":[334,511],"recognizes":[335],"fiction's":[336],"unique":[337],"potential":[338],"for":[339],"presenting":[340],"minds:":[342],"cast":[345],"third":[348],"person,":[349,448],"this":[350,449],"presentation":[351],"involves":[352],"distinctive":[354,514],"epistemology":[355],"allows":[357],"cannot":[363],"known":[365],"inner":[372],"life":[373],"figures":[376],"(16).":[377],"Gerard":[379],"Genette,":[380],"relation":[382],"nature":[392,430],"because":[397,460,540],"causal.":[398],"Noting":[399],"features":[402,422],"Hamburger":[406],"describes":[407],"all":[568],"refer":[409],"character's":[416,625],"subjectivity,":[417],"Genette":[418],"these":[504],"only":[424,488,631],"effects":[425],"produced":[426],"narrative":[433,436,534],"If":[435],"alone":[438],"gives":[439],"subjectivity":[445],"another":[447],"not":[451],"virtue":[453],"miraculous":[456],"privilege:":[457],"fictitious":[466],"being":[467],"That":[469],"person's":[470],"thoughts":[471],"imagined":[473],"author":[476],"while":[477],"pretending":[480],"report":[482],"them:":[483],"one's":[484],"guesses":[485],"unerring":[487],"case":[491],"one":[495],"process":[499],"inventing":[501],"(65).":[502],"Although":[503],"theorists'":[505],"vocabulary":[506],"varies":[507],"(Genette":[508],"chooses":[509],"inventing;":[510],"epistemology;":[515],"speaks":[517],"performative),":[520],"they":[521],"express":[522],"same":[524,574],"idea:":[525],"knowable":[538],"fact":[539,557],"idea":[548],"cliche;":[550],"see":[552],"fundamental":[556],"ignore":[561],"it,":[562],"argue,":[564],"reduce":[567],"level.":[576],"Shlomith":[577],"Rimmon-Kenan":[578],"distinction":[581],"have":[583],"mind":[585],"her":[587,616],"reading":[588],"passage":[591],"Henry":[593],"James's":[594],"Portrait":[595],"Lady":[598],"states":[603],"protagonist,":[606],"Isabel":[607],"Archer,":[608],"young":[611],"theories;":[615],"imagination":[617],"was":[618],"remarkably":[619],"active:":[620],"Such":[621],"naming":[622],"qualities":[626],"counts":[627],"characterization":[630],"if":[632],"proceeds":[634],"most":[637],"authoritative":[638],"voice":[639],"text":[642],".":[643],"\u2026":[644]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T07:41:36.138363","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}