{"id":"https://openalex.org/W588165358","doi":null,"title":"Soft transport policy measures 1 : Results of implementations","display_name":"Soft transport policy measures 1 : Results of implementations","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W588165358","mag":"588165358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:kau-4088","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402133","display_name":"Digitala vetenskapliga arkivet (Diva) (Karlstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43968019","host_organization_name":"Karlstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43968019"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4088","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041433878","display_name":"Jochen Richter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jochen Richter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047545338","display_name":"Margareta Friman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7475-680X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7475-680X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margareta Friman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078157167","display_name":"Tommy G\u00e4rling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-7552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-7552"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommy G\u00e4rling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-7552","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"31","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.8389000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.8389000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.05530000105500221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12725","display_name":"Railways and European Transport Policy","score":0.04650000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-implementation","display_name":"policy implementation","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-behavior-change","display_name":"travel behavior change","score":0.3930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.8357539176940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.8323363661766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.6346487998962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992399783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7590","display_name":"Transport policy","level":3,"score":0.5628430247306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.5618875026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.5288568139076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41088810563087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3806607127189636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3416629433631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33400219678878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.19096744060516357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17099681496620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1465044617652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07866454124450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:kau-4088","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402133","display_name":"Digitala vetenskapliga arkivet (Diva) (Karlstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43968019","host_organization_name":"Karlstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43968019"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},{"id":"mag:588165358","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://kau.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:219053/FULLTEXT02","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:kau-4088","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402133","display_name":"Digitala vetenskapliga arkivet (Diva) (Karlstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43968019","host_organization_name":"Karlstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43968019"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.9333000183105469}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091315074","https://openalex.org/W2037249759","https://openalex.org/W385505387","https://openalex.org/W23086228","https://openalex.org/W633195546","https://openalex.org/W1800759203","https://openalex.org/W7101019443","https://openalex.org/W2072721268","https://openalex.org/W1993845832","https://openalex.org/W7052431471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"abate":[1],"problems":[2],"resulting":[3],"from":[4],"increased":[5],"car":[6,50],"use,":[7],"hard":[8,97],"transport":[9,34,58,76],"policy":[10,35,59,77],"measures":[11,16,36,41,60,78,102],"have":[12,37],"been":[13,38],"introduced.":[14],"Such":[15],"often":[17],"meet":[18],"public":[19],"disapproval,":[20],"are":[21,42,103,109],"politically":[22],"infeasible,":[23],"and":[24,65,81,118],"may":[25],"alone":[26],"be":[27],"insufficient.":[28],"As":[29],"a":[30,84],"consequence,":[31],"alternative":[32],"soft":[33,57,75],"proposed.":[39],"These":[40],"designed":[43],"to":[44,47,83,98],"motivate":[45],"individuals":[46],"voluntarily":[48],"reduce":[49],"use.":[51],"This":[52],"paper":[53,114],"reviews":[54],"implementations":[55],"of":[56,74,86,107],"in":[61,79,92],"Japan,":[62],"Australia,":[63],"UK,":[64],"several":[66],"other":[67],"countries.":[68],"The":[69],"review":[70],"underscores":[71],"the":[72,90,93,101],"effectiveness":[73],"general":[80],"points":[82],"variety":[85,91],"positive":[87],"outcomes.":[88],"Yet,":[89],"results":[94],"makes":[95],"it":[96],"infer":[99],"why":[100],"effective.":[104],"Several":[105],"gaps":[106],"knowledge":[108],"also":[110],"identified.":[111],"A":[112],"companion":[113],"will":[115],"discuss":[116],"these":[117],"identify":[119],"research":[120],"needs.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}