{"id":"https://openalex.org/W587993724","doi":null,"title":"Welfare reform : a race to the bottom?","display_name":"Welfare reform : a race to the bottom?","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W587993724","mag":"587993724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:587993724","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA45033753","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103130621","display_name":"Sanford F. Schram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3158-9941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3158-9941"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanford F. Schram","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024970203","display_name":"Samuel H. Beer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel H. Beer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2032,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91446541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.6089000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.6089000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.38089999556541443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13888","display_name":"Social Policies and Family","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-reform","display_name":"welfare reform","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-responsibility-and-work-opportunity-reconciliation-act","display_name":"PRWORA","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-welfare-policy","display_name":"state welfare policy","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-to-the-bottom","display_name":"race to the bottom","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-experimentation","display_name":"state experimentation","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratories-of-democracy","display_name":"laboratories of democracy","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supreme-court-cases","display_name":"Supreme Court cases","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-assistance-benefits","display_name":"public assistance benefits","score":0.49900001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5744574666023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777022163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980969","display_name":"Welfare reform","level":3,"score":0.5314604043960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.45106130838394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4505307674407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.41136765480041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.40387195348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3381166458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.2941698431968689}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:587993724","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA45033753","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024150707","https://openalex.org/W1524637739","https://openalex.org/W7221388057","https://openalex.org/W608586155","https://openalex.org/W2463638395","https://openalex.org/W2947894589","https://openalex.org/W7098765305","https://openalex.org/W782046409","https://openalex.org/W2993239026","https://openalex.org/W1157960890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"timely":[1],"collection":[2],"presents":[3],"research":[4],"contributing":[5],"to":[6,37,60],"the":[7,14,18,32,81,190,204],"ongoing":[8],"debate":[9],"over":[10],"welfare":[45],"reform":[12],"in":[13,96,104,110],"1990s,":[15],"especially":[16],"since":[17],"Personal":[19],"Responsibility":[20],"and":[21,66,112,118,179,197,222],"Work":[22],"Opportunity":[23],"Reconciliation":[24],"Act":[25],"of":[26,41,43,70,77,83,203],"1996.":[27],"Some":[28],"chapters":[29,48,183],"argue":[30],"that":[31,50,62,75],"law":[33],"will":[34],"lead":[35],"states":[36,63],"restrict":[38],"benefits":[39],"out":[40],"fear":[42],"becoming":[44],"magnets.":[46],"Other":[47],"assert":[49],"no":[51],"such":[52],"shift":[53],"is":[54],"taking":[55],"place.":[56],"Still":[57],"others":[58,73],"point":[59],"evidence":[61],"are":[64,108,122],"experimenting":[65],"serving":[67],"as":[68,199],"laboratories":[69],"democracy.":[71],"And":[72],"suggest":[74],"none":[76],"these":[78],"positions":[79],"captures":[80],"complexities":[82],"reform.":[85],"The":[86],"work":[87],"behind":[88],"several":[89],"contributions":[90],"supported":[91],"arguments":[92],"(on":[93],"either":[94],"side)":[95],"a":[97,187,200,215],"Supreme":[98],"Court":[99],"case":[100],"about":[101],"argued":[103],"January":[105],"1999.":[106],"Contributors":[107],"professionals":[109],"government":[111],"political":[113],"science,":[114],"sociology,":[115],"social":[116],"work,":[117],"public":[119],"administration.":[120],"They":[121,207],"Sanford":[123,219],"F.":[124,136,220],"Schram,":[125,221],"Samuel":[126],"H.":[127],"Beer,":[128],"Mark":[129],"Carl":[130],"Rom,":[131],"Paul":[132],"E.":[133],"Peterson,":[134],"Kenneth":[135],"Scheve,":[137],"Jr.,":[138],"Frances":[139],"Fox":[140],"Piven,":[141],"Margaret":[142],"Weir,":[143],"Scott":[144],"W.":[145],"Allard,":[146],"Joe":[147],"Soss,":[148],"Irene":[149],"Lurie,":[150],"Thomas":[151,158],"Vartanian,":[152],"Jim":[153],"Baumohl,":[154],"Richard":[155,169],"P.":[156],"Nathan,":[157],"L.":[159],"Gais,":[160],"Karen":[161],"A.":[162],"Curtis,":[163],"Jocelyn":[164],"M.":[165,170],"Johnston,":[166],"Kara":[167],"Lindaman,":[168],"Francis,":[171],"Saundra":[172],"K.":[173],"Schneider,":[174],"Barbara":[175],"Gault,":[176],"Heidi":[177],"Hartmann,":[178],"Hsiao-Ye":[180],"Yi.":[181],"Most":[182],"were":[184],"prepared":[185],"for":[186,195],"conference":[188],"at":[189],"Woodrow":[191],"Wilson":[192],"International":[193],"Center":[194],"Scholars":[196],"published":[198],"special":[201],"edition":[202],"journal":[205],"Publius.":[206],"have":[208],"been":[209],"supplemented":[210],"by":[211,218],"two":[212],"new":[213,216],"chapters,":[214],"introduction":[217],"an":[223],"index.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}