{"id":"https://openalex.org/W587618326","doi":null,"title":"Gender Quotas and Female Leadership: A Review","display_name":"Gender Quotas and Female Leadership: A Review","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W587618326","mag":"587618326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:5945","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.esocialsciences.org/Download/repecDownload.aspx?fname=http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rpande/files/gender_quotas_-_april_2011.pdf&fcategory=Articles&AId=5945&fref=repec","pdf_url":"http://www.esocialsciences.org/Download/repecDownload.aspx?fname=http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rpande/files/gender_quotas_-_april_2011.pdf&fcategory=Articles&AId=5945&fref=repec","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091212187","display_name":"Rohini Pande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-0987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-0987"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohini Pande","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-0987","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084969348","display_name":"Deanna Ford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deanna Ford","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":166,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-quotas","display_name":"gender quotas","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-leadership","display_name":"women in leadership","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-political-representation","display_name":"women's political representation","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-discrimination","display_name":"gender discrimination","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backlash-against-women","display_name":"backlash against women","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norway","display_name":"Norway","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-business","display_name":"women in business","score":0.46299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776652708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584028","display_name":"Backlash","level":2,"score":0.7859322428703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7585147619247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984776528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113453","display_name":"Gender equity","level":2,"score":0.6156532764434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.6131243705749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992299759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113453","display_name":"Gender equality","level":2,"score":0.5988630652427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.5342867374420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5302911400794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777732099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214244","display_name":"Affirmative action","level":2,"score":0.4624588191509247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.45958390831947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.43592405319213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778395451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16934342","display_name":"Occupational segregation","level":3,"score":0.4137572646141052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3973689675331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3937569558620453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3480275273323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3472869396209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.18287301063537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14149820804595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11527472734451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.10830077528953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08686310052871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:5945","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.esocialsciences.org/Download/repecDownload.aspx?fname=http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rpande/files/gender_quotas_-_april_2011.pdf&fcategory=Articles&AId=5945&fref=repec","pdf_url":"http://www.esocialsciences.org/Download/repecDownload.aspx?fname=http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rpande/files/gender_quotas_-_april_2011.pdf&fcategory=Articles&AId=5945&fref=repec","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:587618326","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:5945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187004240","https://openalex.org/W1492104607","https://openalex.org/W1496525206","https://openalex.org/W1516346428","https://openalex.org/W1549059388","https://openalex.org/W1566788579","https://openalex.org/W1568626979","https://openalex.org/W1571945629","https://openalex.org/W1590140693","https://openalex.org/W1941572798","https://openalex.org/W1966384480","https://openalex.org/W1972223156","https://openalex.org/W1972834292","https://openalex.org/W1980786101","https://openalex.org/W1982691625","https://openalex.org/W1987715081","https://openalex.org/W1988936920","https://openalex.org/W1995883774","https://openalex.org/W1997673623","https://openalex.org/W2019384042","https://openalex.org/W2024464435","https://openalex.org/W2035348774","https://openalex.org/W2048018272","https://openalex.org/W2057243924","https://openalex.org/W2072230298","https://openalex.org/W2075382077","https://openalex.org/W2080360912","https://openalex.org/W2088212458","https://openalex.org/W2089323112","https://openalex.org/W2092759096","https://openalex.org/W2093882932","https://openalex.org/W2098056897","https://openalex.org/W2098092828","https://openalex.org/W2101077136","https://openalex.org/W2107338156","https://openalex.org/W2113003036","https://openalex.org/W2120908017","https://openalex.org/W2126665084","https://openalex.org/W2127205765","https://openalex.org/W2127718185","https://openalex.org/W2128928577","https://openalex.org/W2136202265","https://openalex.org/W2139387599","https://openalex.org/W2141741505","https://openalex.org/W2153656530","https://openalex.org/W2166505099","https://openalex.org/W2166812744","https://openalex.org/W2186350055","https://openalex.org/W2310285563","https://openalex.org/W2315996202","https://openalex.org/W2324163114","https://openalex.org/W2325113121","https://openalex.org/W2335298503","https://openalex.org/W2341239072","https://openalex.org/W2624535983","https://openalex.org/W2890421732","https://openalex.org/W2890679322","https://openalex.org/W2891866088","https://openalex.org/W2891940551","https://openalex.org/W2921414108","https://openalex.org/W3021074113","https://openalex.org/W3044004743","https://openalex.org/W3121587588","https://openalex.org/W3122496457","https://openalex.org/W3123089039","https://openalex.org/W3123142037","https://openalex.org/W3123323948","https://openalex.org/W3123778557","https://openalex.org/W3123908250","https://openalex.org/W3124877770","https://openalex.org/W3125303042","https://openalex.org/W3125324995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W841846469","https://openalex.org/W2552979760","https://openalex.org/W4252137519","https://openalex.org/W4410172844","https://openalex.org/W4386570370","https://openalex.org/W3122368890","https://openalex.org/W4306960247","https://openalex.org/W4241217281","https://openalex.org/W4402910199","https://openalex.org/W3122496457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"significant":[1],"advances":[2],"in":[3,11,14,31,40,90,99,145],"education":[4],"and":[5,16,33,55,64,92,108,127],"political":[6,62,88],"participation,":[7],"women":[8,79],"remain":[9],"underrepresented":[10],"leadership":[12,126],"positions":[13,63],"politics":[15,32],"business":[17],"across":[18],"the":[19,50,53,84,93,146],"globe.":[20],"In":[21,131],"many":[22,35],"countries,":[23],"policy-makers":[24],"have":[25,36,101],"responded":[26],"by":[27,71],"introducing":[28],"gender":[29,42,59,143],"quotas":[30,43,60,70,89,98,123,140],"increasingly,":[34],"expressed":[37],"an":[38],"interest":[39],"requiring":[41],"for":[44,61],"corporate":[45,65],"boards.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"reviews":[49],"evidence":[51,113,120],"on":[52,112],"equity":[54],"efficiency":[56],"impacts":[57],"of":[58,69,87,96],"board":[66,97],"membership.":[67],"Adoption":[68],"countries":[72],"is":[73],"likely":[74],"correlated":[75],"with":[76],"attitudes":[77],"about":[78],"within":[80],"a":[81,136],"country.":[82],"However,":[83],"randomized":[85],"allocation":[86],"India":[91],"unanticipated":[94],"introduction":[95],"Norway":[100],"allowed":[102],"researchers":[103],"to":[104],"provide":[105],"causal":[106],"analysis":[107],"this":[109],"review":[110],"focuses":[111],"from":[114],"these":[115],"two":[116],"settings.":[117],"The":[118],"Indian":[119],"demonstrates":[121],"that":[122],"increase":[124],"female":[125],"influences":[128],"policy":[129],"outcomes.":[130],"addition,":[132],"rather":[133],"than":[134],"create":[135],"backlash":[137],"against":[138],"women,":[139],"can":[141],"reduce":[142],"discrimination":[144],"long-term.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
