{"id":"https://openalex.org/W587546339","doi":null,"title":"The contingencies of group size and vigilance","display_name":"The contingencies of group size and vigilance","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W587546339","mag":"587546339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.983.8937","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.983.8937","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.evolutionary-ecology.com/issues/v09n08/eear2195.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052152301","display_name":"Som B. Ale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-0781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-0781"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Som B. Ale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological Sciences"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-0781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103239072","display_name":"Joel S. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9255-3355","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9255-3355","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-9494"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel S. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological Sciences"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9255-3355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6023,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80301902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"8","first_page":"1263","last_page":"1276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.7720000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.7720000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.12759999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.048900000751018524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-size","display_name":"group size","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vigilance-behavior","display_name":"vigilance behavior","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predation-risk","display_name":"predation risk","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution-effect","display_name":"dilution effect","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attraction-effect","display_name":"attraction effect","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionarily-stable-strategy","display_name":"evolutionarily stable strategy","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeding-rate","display_name":"feeding rate","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192769605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418914","display_name":"Vigilance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.9558039903640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.7202574014663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5214687585830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96618451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3028008","display_name":"Dilution","level":2,"score":0.4963851571083069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778364177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2247133","display_name":"Attraction","level":2,"score":0.4787554144859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.35594499111175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0752691924571991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.983.8937","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.983.8937","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.evolutionary-ecology.com/issues/v09n08/eear2195.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:587546339","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.evolutionary-ecology.com/issues/v09n08/eear2195.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137715739","display_name":"Evolutionary ecology research","issn_l":"1522-0613","issn":["1522-0613","1937-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366111273","host_organization_name":"Evolutionary Ecology Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366111273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Evolutionary Ecology Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary ecology research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120396658","https://openalex.org/W1586562088","https://openalex.org/W1943122965","https://openalex.org/W1965459501","https://openalex.org/W1972338996","https://openalex.org/W1977655728","https://openalex.org/W1979984994","https://openalex.org/W1981847848","https://openalex.org/W1986775587","https://openalex.org/W1990286791","https://openalex.org/W1992896613","https://openalex.org/W1995596782","https://openalex.org/W1998143474","https://openalex.org/W2002339385","https://openalex.org/W2010457265","https://openalex.org/W2011163362","https://openalex.org/W2014632128","https://openalex.org/W2016456638","https://openalex.org/W2027337555","https://openalex.org/W2028981273","https://openalex.org/W2034132484","https://openalex.org/W2036887770","https://openalex.org/W2044680442","https://openalex.org/W2057414590","https://openalex.org/W2057584663","https://openalex.org/W2059668085","https://openalex.org/W2074807536","https://openalex.org/W2088757380","https://openalex.org/W2138179759","https://openalex.org/W2139526687","https://openalex.org/W2153291662","https://openalex.org/W2165111556","https://openalex.org/W2168312622","https://openalex.org/W2316729114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995596782","https://openalex.org/W1981847848","https://openalex.org/W2582288660","https://openalex.org/W185980153","https://openalex.org/W2500693537","https://openalex.org/W7096108101","https://openalex.org/W2955057371","https://openalex.org/W2150089899","https://openalex.org/W4256143294","https://openalex.org/W2503660876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Predation":[1],"risk":[2,28],"declines":[3,73],"non-linearly":[4],"with":[5,35,75,123,137,182,196],"one\u2019s":[6],"own":[7],"vigilance":[8,11,64,95,113,158,176,193],"and":[9,56,68,83,94,103,132,166,190],"the":[10,15,26,53,57,80,89,104,109,130,144,161,170],"of":[12,29,112,114,129,143,151,164,172,188,192],"others":[13],"in":[14],"group":[16,23,92,124,138,197],"(the":[17],"\u2018many-eyes":[18],"\u2019":[19],"effect).":[20],"Furthermore,":[21],"as":[22,52,126,140,179],"size":[24,93,125,139],"increases,":[25],"individual\u2019s":[27],"predation":[30],"may":[31,40],"decline":[32,195],"through":[33],"dilution":[34,54,133],"more":[36,46],"potential":[37],"victims,":[38],"but":[39,135],"increase":[41],"if":[42],"larger":[43],"groups":[44],"attract":[45],"predators.":[47],"These":[48],"are":[49],"known,":[50],"respectively,":[51],"effect":[55],"attraction":[58,84,145],"effect.":[59],"Assumptions:":[60],"Feeding":[61],"animals":[62],"use":[63,100],"to":[65,87,107],"trade-off":[66],"food":[67],"safety.":[69],"Net":[70],"feeding":[71],"rate":[72,181],"linearly":[74],"vigilance.":[76],"Question:":[77],"How":[78],"do":[79],"many-eyes,":[81],"dilution,":[82],"effects":[85,134,156],"interact":[86],"influence":[88,171],"relationship":[90],"between":[91],"behaviour?":[96],"Mathematical":[97],"methods:":[98],"We":[99],"game":[101],"theory":[102],"fitness-generating":[105],"function":[106],"determine":[108],"ESS":[110],"level":[111],"an":[115],"individual":[116],"within":[117],"a":[118,127,141],"group.":[119],"Predictions:":[120],"Vigilance":[121],"decreases":[122],"consequence":[128,142],"many-eyes":[131],"increases":[136],"effect,":[146],"when":[147],"they":[148],"act":[149],"independent":[150],"each":[152,165],"other.":[153],"Their":[154],"synergetic":[155],"on":[157,175],"depend":[159],"upon":[160],"relative":[162],"strengths":[163],"their":[167],"interactions.":[168],"Regardless,":[169],"other":[173],"factors":[174],"\u2013":[177,194],"such":[178],"encounter":[180],"predators,":[183],"predator":[184],"lethality,":[185],"marginal":[186],"value":[187,191],"energy,":[189],"size.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
