{"id":"https://openalex.org/W58744921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3676425","title":"Habitat Selection by Breeding Black-Throated Blue Warblers at Two Spatial Scales","display_name":"Habitat Selection by Breeding Black-Throated Blue Warblers at Two Spatial Scales","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W58744921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3676425","mag":"58744921"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3676425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3676425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3676425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764800109","display_name":"Ornis Scandinavica","issn_l":"0030-5693","issn":["0030-5693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ornis Scandinavica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109945161","display_name":"Benjamin B. Steele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4470-4313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4470-4313"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin B. Steele","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109945161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2048,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7328713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-throated-blue-warbler","display_name":"black-throated blue warbler","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-selection","display_name":"habitat selection","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shrub-density","display_name":"shrub density","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-scale","display_name":"spatial scale","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/territory","display_name":"territory","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-birds","display_name":"breeding birds","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nesting-habitat","display_name":"nesting habitat","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-structure","display_name":"vegetation structure","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-hampshire","display_name":"New Hampshire","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.756778359413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.7342050075531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.552876353263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4897887706756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.41869762539863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.32037925720214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.035747230052948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3676425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3676425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3676425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764800109","display_name":"Ornis Scandinavica","issn_l":"0030-5693","issn":["0030-5693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ornis Scandinavica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307794","display_name":"DuPont","ror":"https://ror.org/03g3m1w62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310400","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W980807897","https://openalex.org/W1963825444","https://openalex.org/W1967759959","https://openalex.org/W1974749434","https://openalex.org/W1975397129","https://openalex.org/W1993272489","https://openalex.org/W1995452473","https://openalex.org/W2001264382","https://openalex.org/W2010829726","https://openalex.org/W2016973003","https://openalex.org/W2033179522","https://openalex.org/W2035004049","https://openalex.org/W2044871560","https://openalex.org/W2048463265","https://openalex.org/W2068849746","https://openalex.org/W2071512802","https://openalex.org/W2095269989","https://openalex.org/W2129203852","https://openalex.org/W2131397407","https://openalex.org/W2131905365","https://openalex.org/W2313378813","https://openalex.org/W2315039281","https://openalex.org/W2315792850","https://openalex.org/W2318361794","https://openalex.org/W2322251184","https://openalex.org/W2325210896","https://openalex.org/W2327667669","https://openalex.org/W2328481254","https://openalex.org/W2329003326","https://openalex.org/W3034046093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2320067804","https://openalex.org/W2140898843","https://openalex.org/W1967744867","https://openalex.org/W2136151102","https://openalex.org/W2331978048","https://openalex.org/W2161385253","https://openalex.org/W2181500419","https://openalex.org/W2329003326","https://openalex.org/W228511113","https://openalex.org/W2025662440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"New":[0],"Hampshire,":[1],"U.S.A.":[2],"I":[3,225],"found":[4],"different":[5,12],"responses":[6],"to":[7,37,72,91],"shrub":[8,38,102,135,221,234],"density":[9,46,66,103,136,222,235],"at":[10,178,272],"two":[11,121,180],"spatial":[13],"scales":[14,181,189],"(plot":[15],"and":[16,147,194,213],"territory).":[17],"At":[18],"the":[19,26,52,65,75,92,96,162,170,179,184,200,250,273,276],"scale":[20,94,98,155,274],"of":[21,28,47,55,67,113,149,160,165,172,186,192,202,247,275],"15":[22],"ha":[23,87],"study":[24],"plots,":[25,117,127],"number":[27],"breeding":[29],"birds":[30],"on":[31,84,230],"seven":[32],"plots":[33,209,231],"was":[34,57,104,137],"positively":[35],"related":[36],"density,":[39],"suggesting":[40],"that":[41,101,220,227],"areas":[42,133],"having":[43],"a":[44,85,166,204,238],"high":[45],"shrubs":[48,56,83,212,248],"were":[49,80,129],"selected":[50],"by":[51,60],"birds.":[53],"Selection":[54],"further":[58],"supported":[59],"an":[61,158],"experiment":[62],"in":[63,74,111,132,190],"which":[64],"Black-throated":[68,283],"Blue":[69,284],"Warblers":[70],"declined":[71],"zero":[73],"three":[76,123],"years":[77],"after":[78],"leaves":[79],"removed":[81],"from":[82],"14":[86],"plot.":[88],"In":[89],"contrast":[90],"plot":[93,154],"results,":[95],"territory":[97,218,277],"analysis":[99],"demonstrated":[100],"not":[105,130,215,279],"greater":[106],"inside":[107,146],"than":[108,261],"outside":[109,148],"territories":[110,128,150,229],"any":[112],"11":[114],"analyses":[115,156],"(five":[116],"each":[118],"studied":[119],"for":[120,249,258,262,282],"or":[122],"years).":[124],"Thus,":[125],"within":[126,151],"located":[131],"where":[134,232],"high.":[138],"No":[139],"other":[140],"vegetation":[141],"variable":[142],"consistently":[143],"differed":[144],"between":[145],"plots.":[152],"The":[153,175],"provide":[157],"example":[159],"how":[161],"vertical":[163],"structure":[164],"habitat":[167,270],"can":[168],"affect":[169],"distribution":[171,193],"bird":[173,205],"species.":[174],"conflicting":[176],"results":[177],"point":[182],"out":[183],"importance":[185],"considering":[187],"several":[188],"studies":[191],"abundance,":[195],"but":[196],"they":[197],"also":[198],"raise":[199],"question":[201],"why":[203],"would":[206],"preferentially":[207],"select":[208],"with":[210],"dense":[211,245],"then":[214,269],"locate":[216],"its":[217],"so":[219],"is":[223,236,267],"maximized.":[224],"argue":[226],"all":[228],"average":[233],"above":[237],"threshold":[239],"level":[240],"will":[241],"contain":[242],"enough":[243],"small":[244],"patches":[246,255],"birds,":[251],"especially":[252],"if":[253],"these":[254],"are":[256],"important":[257],"nesting":[259],"rather":[260],"foraging.":[263],"If":[264],"this":[265],"argument":[266],"valid,":[268],"selection":[271],"may":[278],"be":[280],"necessary":[281],"Warblers.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}