{"id":"https://openalex.org/W587230030","doi":null,"title":"Community punishment : a critical introduction","display_name":"Community punishment : a critical introduction","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W587230030","mag":"587230030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:587230030","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA38203117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463565","display_name":"Longman eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320559","host_organization_name":"Longman","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320559","https://openalex.org/P4310322659"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Longman","Pearson Education"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Longman eBooks","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019413694","display_name":"Ian D. Brownlee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ian Brownlee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019413694"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2418,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96608187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-punishment","display_name":"community punishment","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-sentences","display_name":"community sentences","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probation-services","display_name":"probation services","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-penalties","display_name":"community penalties","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fines","display_name":"fines","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/justification-of-punishment","display_name":"justification of punishment","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-punishment","display_name":"history of punishment","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state","display_name":"welfare state","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-risk-assessment","display_name":"actuarial risk assessment","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effectiveness-of-punishment","display_name":"effectiveness of punishment","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7065658569335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777014519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179985","display_name":"Actuary","level":2,"score":0.6754773855209351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5720670819282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5565379858016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993365623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043121","display_name":"Community service","level":2,"score":0.5106170773506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4726375937461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.44599416851997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.43090516328811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4130629897117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.40281209349632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3748718500137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3348103165626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3106972277164459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.29731810092926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2941080629825592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27739477157592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22119274735450745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.19600433111190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15012028813362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.14437490701675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12114790081977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:587230030","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA38203117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463565","display_name":"Longman eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320559","host_organization_name":"Longman","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320559","https://openalex.org/P4310322659"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Longman","Pearson Education"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Longman eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W577437687","https://openalex.org/W968250011","https://openalex.org/W2571620574","https://openalex.org/W597940841","https://openalex.org/W2999436244","https://openalex.org/W4387051375","https://openalex.org/W4233472059","https://openalex.org/W2761603660","https://openalex.org/W578277507","https://openalex.org/W2341291590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"1.":[1],"Evolving":[2],"Punishment":[3],"in":[4,21,38],"the":[5,16,22,33,39,42],"Community":[6,9,45,54],"2.":[7],"Justifying":[8],"Punishments":[10],"3.":[11],"The":[12,29],"Changing":[13,30],"Role":[14,31],"of":[15,24,32,41,71],"Probation":[17,20,34,37],"Service":[18,35],"(1):":[19],"Age":[23,40],"Mission":[25],"and":[26,49,59],"Welfare":[27],"4.":[28],"(2):":[36],"Actuary":[43],"5.":[44],"Penalties":[46,51],"6.":[47],"Financial":[48],"Nominal":[50],"7.":[52],"Evaluating":[53],"Punishments:":[55],"Do":[56],"they":[57,61],"Work":[58],"Are":[60],"Fair?":[62],"8.":[63],"Concluding":[64],"Remarks:":[65],"Some":[66],"Hints":[67],"for":[68,75],"a":[69],"Journey":[70],"Hope":[72],"9.":[73],"Suggestions":[74],"Further":[76],"Reading":[77],"Bibliography":[78],"Index":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}