{"id":"https://openalex.org/W58659466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22029/eir.2007.1627","title":"Airway inflammation and upper respiratory tract infection in athletes: is there a link?","display_name":"Airway inflammation and upper respiratory tract infection in athletes: is there a link?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W58659466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22029/eir.2007.1627","mag":"58659466","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18198657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:18198657","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18198657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Exercise immunology review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.22029/eir.2007.1627","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070353079","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Bermon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9529-2901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9529-2901"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bermon, S","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Mon\u00e9gasque de M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie du Sport, 11 avenue d'Ostende, 98000 Monaco. bermons@im2s.mc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Mon\u00e9gasque de M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie du Sport, 11 avenue d'Ostende, 98000 Monaco. bermons@im2s.mc","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070353079"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":8.363e-05,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"6","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.04520000144839287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11922","display_name":"Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-respiratory-tract-infection","display_name":"upper respiratory tract infection","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-inflammation","display_name":"airway inflammation","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athletes","display_name":"athletes","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite-athletes","display_name":"elite athletes","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endurance-sports","display_name":"endurance sports","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-infection","display_name":"viral infection","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhinovirus","display_name":"rhinovirus","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adenovirus","display_name":"adenovirus","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eosinophils","display_name":"eosinophils","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophils","display_name":"neutrophils","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bronchial-epithelial-cells","display_name":"bronchial epithelial cells","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperventilation","display_name":"hyperventilation","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-adhesion-molecules","display_name":"adhesion molecules","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine-exposure","display_name":"chlorine exposure","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swimmers","display_name":"swimmers","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-country-skiers","display_name":"cross-country skiers","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6738903522491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779278377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1351647","display_name":"Rhinovirus","level":3,"score":0.6417521834373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.5958846211433411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5849633812904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.5547041296958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776012195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754447","display_name":"Respiratory tract infections","level":3,"score":0.5188832879066467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779644171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13400765","display_name":"Respiratory tract","level":3,"score":0.509358286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5050879120826721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105922876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423981","display_name":"Airway","level":2,"score":0.5023291110992432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780805593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622199","display_name":"Upper respiratory tract infection","level":2,"score":0.4532623291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.44715002179145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.4439653158187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.4291480481624603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3350467383861542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.29442036151885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.18418630957603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012129","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Function Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012137","descriptor_name":"Respiratory System","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012137","descriptor_name":"Respiratory System","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012141","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012141","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013177","descriptor_name":"Sports","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:18198657","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18198657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Exercise immunology review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.22029/eir.2007.1627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22029/eir.2007.1627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22029/eir.2007.1627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052994","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Gie\u00dfen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","host_organization_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"mag:58659466","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18198657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22029/eir.2007.1627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22029/eir.2007.1627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22029/eir.2007.1627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052994","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Gie\u00dfen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","host_organization_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27847541","https://openalex.org/W178769008","https://openalex.org/W1956234759","https://openalex.org/W1968759763","https://openalex.org/W1970395908","https://openalex.org/W1983116452","https://openalex.org/W1989823432","https://openalex.org/W2000545700","https://openalex.org/W2002321755","https://openalex.org/W2010778377","https://openalex.org/W2023903897","https://openalex.org/W2026337645","https://openalex.org/W2033826794","https://openalex.org/W2034616025","https://openalex.org/W2044754321","https://openalex.org/W2046035659","https://openalex.org/W2046566170","https://openalex.org/W2048754068","https://openalex.org/W2066341927","https://openalex.org/W2066827026","https://openalex.org/W2068284374","https://openalex.org/W2075603971","https://openalex.org/W2076261229","https://openalex.org/W2093138635","https://openalex.org/W2102089891","https://openalex.org/W2103452245","https://openalex.org/W2107037784","https://openalex.org/W2112782415","https://openalex.org/W2112918049","https://openalex.org/W2118982696","https://openalex.org/W2119244208","https://openalex.org/W2141684816","https://openalex.org/W2156168515","https://openalex.org/W2164195797","https://openalex.org/W2165744221","https://openalex.org/W2336989150","https://openalex.org/W2485692562","https://openalex.org/W4300847134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068284374","https://openalex.org/W1983116452","https://openalex.org/W2211778426","https://openalex.org/W1993732829","https://openalex.org/W1219473977","https://openalex.org/W2947504191","https://openalex.org/W191763917","https://openalex.org/W2963790879","https://openalex.org/W2073804896","https://openalex.org/W2952224754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Upper":[0],"Respiratory":[1],"Tract":[2],"Infection":[3],"(URTI)":[4],"is":[5,143],"regarded":[6],"as":[7,40,49],"the":[8,50,120,288],"most":[9,118,233],"common":[10],"medical":[11],"condition":[12],"affecting":[13],"both":[14],"highly":[15],"trained":[16],"and":[17,43,60,86,93,117,129,146,160,172],"elite":[18,94,103],"athletes,":[19],"in":[20,24,55,89,102,127,141,156,168,186,208,212,220,232,252],"particular":[21],"those":[22],"participating":[23],"endurance":[25,169],"events.":[26],"The":[27,96],"causes":[28],"of":[29,52,70,99,109,119,137,202,242,268,270,287],"these":[30,235],"disturbances,":[31],"also":[32],"occurring":[33],"during":[34],"training,":[35],"remain":[36],"unclear.":[37],"Viruses":[38],"such":[39],"rhinovirus,":[41],"adenovirus":[42],"para-influenza":[44],"virus":[45],"are":[46],"frequently":[47],"reported":[48,64,77],"source":[51],"URTI.":[53],"However,":[54],"a":[56,67,199,217,265],"few":[57],"comprehensive":[58],"laboratory":[59],"epidemiological":[61],"studies":[62],"which":[63],"at":[65],"least":[66],"30%":[68],"incidence":[69,98],"URTI,":[71],"no":[72],"identifiable":[73],"pathogens":[74],"were":[75,125],"either":[76],"or":[78,183],"studied.":[79],"A":[80],"recent,":[81],"longitudinal":[82],"study":[83],"investigated":[84],"symptomatology":[85],"pathogenic":[87,115],"etiology":[88],"sedentary":[90],"controls,":[91],"recreational":[92],"athletes.":[95,104],"highest":[97],"URTI":[100],"occurred":[101],"However;":[105],"only":[106],"11":[107],"out":[108],"37":[110],"illness":[111],"episodes":[112],"overall":[113],"had":[114],"origins,":[116],"unidentified":[121,289],"upper":[122,290],"respiratory":[123,291],"illnesses":[124],"shorter":[126],"duration":[128],"less":[130],"severe":[131],"than":[132],"infectious":[133],"ones.":[134],"This":[135,206,282],"concept":[136],"inflammation":[138,248],"without":[139],"infection":[140],"athletes":[142,213,253],"quite":[144],"new":[145],"leads":[147],"us":[148],"to":[149,181,227,275],"consider":[150],"other":[151],"explanatory":[152],"pathophysiological":[153],"conditions.":[154],"Increases":[155],"airway":[157,209,221,247],"neutrophils,":[158],"eosinophils":[159],"lymphocytes":[161],"have":[162,195],"been":[163,196],"described":[164],"under":[165],"resting":[166],"conditions":[167],"sports,":[170],"swimmers":[171],"cross-country":[173],"skiers.":[174],"These":[175],"inflammatory":[176,210,236,256],"patterns":[177],"may":[178,249],"be":[179,262],"due":[180,274],"pollutants":[182],"chlorine-related":[184],"compounds":[185],"swimmers.":[187],"After":[188],"intense":[189],"exercise":[190],"similar":[191],"airways":[192],"cellular":[193,257],"profiles":[194],"reported,":[197],"with":[198],"high":[200],"amount":[201],"bronchial":[203,224],"epithelial":[204,225],"cells.":[205],"increase":[207,219],"cells":[211,226,237],"can":[214,261],"result":[215],"from":[216],"hyperventilation-induced":[218],"osmolarity":[222],"stimulating":[223],"release":[228],"chemotactic":[229],"factors.":[230],"Fortunately,":[231],"cases,":[234],"express":[238],"rather":[239],"low":[240],"level":[241],"adhesion":[243],"molecules,":[244],"explaining":[245],"why":[246],"appear":[250],"blunted":[251],"despite":[254],"numerous":[255],"elements.":[258],"However":[259],"it":[260],"hypothesized":[263],"that":[264],"transient":[266],"loss":[267],"control":[269],"this":[271],"local":[272],"inflammation,":[273],"various":[276],"external":[277],"physico-chemical":[278],"strains,":[279],"might":[280,283],"occur.":[281],"account":[284],"for":[285],"some":[286],"illnesses.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}