{"id":"https://openalex.org/W585261065","doi":null,"title":"Scour Around Bridge Piers and Abutments","display_name":"Scour Around Bridge Piers and Abutments","publication_year":1956,"publication_date":"1956-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W585261065","mag":"585261065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:585261065","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/809271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088097263","display_name":"Emmett M. Laursen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmett M. Laursen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072294191","display_name":"Arthur Toch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur Toch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":280,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02351097,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.8866999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.8866999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12022","display_name":"Hydraulic flow and structures","score":0.10270000249147415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge-scour","display_name":"bridge scour","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pier-scour","display_name":"pier scour","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abutment-scour","display_name":"abutment scour","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment-transport","display_name":"sediment transport","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsteady-flow","display_name":"unsteady flow","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge-failure","display_name":"bridge failure","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43315350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4966469","display_name":"Bridge scour","level":3,"score":0.8999008536338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157892014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335297","display_name":"Pier","level":2,"score":0.8055805563926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48777230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6452175","display_name":"Abutment","level":2,"score":0.7940682172775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5648292899131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4838789701461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4561570882797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42907238006591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.42428058385849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42032375931739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.4174741804599762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.284429669380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21645388007164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09532779455184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:585261065","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/809271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7005898247","https://openalex.org/W2556973381","https://openalex.org/W2486195016","https://openalex.org/W3130597039","https://openalex.org/W803212922","https://openalex.org/W4307747460","https://openalex.org/W1654025303","https://openalex.org/W1953192058","https://openalex.org/W2737335759","https://openalex.org/W7096588593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Man\u2019s":[0],"never-ending":[1],"search":[2],"for":[3,10,79,218],"better":[4],"materials":[5],"and":[6,9,14,47,87,104,116,129,146,151,182,231,253,361,378],"construction":[7],"methods":[8],"techniques":[11],"of":[12,19,23,27,37,62,77,82,97,118,139,156,159,170,196,198,225,228,250,304,307,310,337,341,359,365,370,375],"analysis":[13],"design":[15],"has":[16,32],"overcome":[17],"most":[18],"the":[20,28,50,59,80,126,137,140,154,157,160,184,194,199,215,226,233,236,247,262,265,268,275,285,289,292,300,305,308,322,325,330,346,366,371],"early":[21],"difficulties":[22],"bridge":[24,38,85],"building.":[25],"Scour":[26],"stream":[29,51,120],"bed,":[30],"however,":[31],"remained":[33],"a":[34,101,119,334],"major":[35],"cause":[36],"failures":[39],"ever":[40],"since":[41,183],"man":[42],"learned":[43],"to":[44,54,149,175,179,243,277,298,317,332],"place":[45],"piers":[46,86,360],"abutments":[48,88],"in":[49,52,131,274,284,339],"order":[53,316],"cross":[55,113],"wide":[56],"rivers.":[57,110],"Considering":[58],"overall":[60],"complexity":[61],"field":[63,92,206,229],"conditions,":[64],"it":[65],"is":[66,189,202,281],"not":[67,282],"surprising":[68],"that":[69,235,280],"no":[70],"generally":[71],"accepted":[72],"principles":[73],"(not":[74],"even":[75],"rules":[76],"thumb)":[78],"prediction":[81],"scour":[83,127,185,269],"around":[84],"have":[89],"evolved":[90],"from":[91,144,205,321],"experience":[93],"alone.":[94,208],"The":[95,111,209,351],"flow":[96],"individual":[98],"streams":[99],"exhibits":[100],"manifold":[102],"variation,":[103],"great":[105],"disparity":[106],"exists":[107],"among":[108],"different":[109],"alignment,":[112],"section,":[114],"discharge,":[115],"slope":[117],"must":[121,133,238],"all":[122],"be":[123,134,166,239,244,272,296],"correlated":[124,135],"with":[125,136,177,222,232,246],"phenomenon,":[128],"this":[130,219],"turn":[132],"characteristics":[138],"bed":[141],"material":[142],"ranging":[143],"clays":[145],"fine":[147],"silts":[148],"gravels":[150],"boulders.":[152],"Finally,":[153],"effect":[155],"shape":[158,377],"obstruction":[161],"itself-the":[162],"pier":[163],"or":[164],"abutment-must":[165],"assessed.":[167],"Since":[168],"several":[169,342],"these":[171],"factors":[172,201,266],"are":[173],"likely":[174],"vary":[176],"time":[178],"some":[180],"degree,":[181],"phenomenon":[186,270,306],"as":[187,214,242],"well":[188],"inherently":[190],"unsteady,":[191],"sorting":[192],"out":[193],"influence":[195],"each":[197,340],"various":[200],"virtually":[203],"impossible":[204],"evidence":[207],"experimental":[210],"approach":[211,257],"was":[212,258,327,349],"chosen":[213,259],"investigative":[216],"method":[217],"study,":[220,324],"but":[221],"due":[223],"recognition":[224],"importance":[227],"measurements":[230],"realization":[234],"results":[237,320],"interpreted":[240],"so":[241],"compatible":[245],"present-day":[248],"theories":[249],"fluid":[251],"mechanics":[252],"sediment":[254,311],"transportation.":[255],"This":[256],"because,":[260],"on":[261,288],"one":[263],"hand,":[264,291],"affecting":[267],"can":[271,295],"controlled":[273],"laboratory":[276,323],"an":[278],"extent":[279],"possible":[283],"field,":[286],"and,":[287],"other":[290],"model":[293],"technique":[294],"used":[297],"circumvent":[299],"present":[301],"inadequate":[302],"understanding":[303],"movement":[309],"by":[312],"flowing":[313],"water.":[314],"In":[315],"obtain":[318],"optimum":[319],"program":[326],"arranged":[328],"at":[329],"outset":[331],"include":[333],"related":[335],"set":[336],"variables":[338],"phases":[343,352],"into":[344],"which":[345],"whole":[347],"problem":[348],"divided.":[350],"thus":[353],"selected":[354],"were":[355],":":[356],"1.":[357],"Geometry":[358,374],"abutments,":[362],"2.":[363],"Hydraulics":[364],"stream,":[367],"3.":[368],"Characteristics":[369],"sediment,":[372],"4.":[373],"channel":[376],"alignment.":[379]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
