{"id":"https://openalex.org/W585156384","doi":null,"title":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a 31/10/2003","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a 31/10/2003","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W585156384","mag":"585156384"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"mag:585156384","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.najah.edu/sites/default/files/journal-article/legislative-and-administrative-measures-fighting-corruption-private-and-non-governmental-sectors-acc.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278339","display_name":"An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)","issn_l":"1727-8449","issn":["1727-8449","2311-8962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b - \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://scholar.najah.edu/sites/default/files/journal-article/legislative-and-administrative-measures-fighting-corruption-private-and-non-governmental-sectors-acc.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026724472","display_name":"\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0640\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026724472"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09243122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"9","first_page":"2007","last_page":"2040"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.7939000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.7939000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12986","display_name":"Administrative Law and Governance","score":0.17520000040531158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-corruption","display_name":"anti-corruption","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-nations-convention-against-corruption","display_name":"UN Convention against Corruption","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislative-measures","display_name":"legislative activity","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-measures","display_name":"administrative measures","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-sector-corruption","display_name":"private sector corruption","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-corruption","display_name":"political corruption","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-cooperation","display_name":"international cooperation","score":0.7409999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3499906063079834}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:585156384","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.najah.edu/sites/default/files/journal-article/legislative-and-administrative-measures-fighting-corruption-private-and-non-governmental-sectors-acc.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278339","display_name":"An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)","issn_l":"1727-8449","issn":["1727-8449","2311-8962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b - \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:585156384","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.najah.edu/sites/default/files/journal-article/legislative-and-administrative-measures-fighting-corruption-private-and-non-governmental-sectors-acc.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278339","display_name":"An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)","issn_l":"1727-8449","issn":["1727-8449","2311-8962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b - \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.42160001397132874}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W45095474","https://openalex.org/W4400503547","https://openalex.org/W4405164648","https://openalex.org/W3111937947","https://openalex.org/W4205631084","https://openalex.org/W3212172365","https://openalex.org/W2980908182","https://openalex.org/W4403557334","https://openalex.org/W2908903325","https://openalex.org/W2946274034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631":[0],"\u064a\u0648\u0645":[1],"31/10/2003":[2],"\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627":[3],"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627":[4],"\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627":[5],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[6,14,53,56,125],"\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f":[7],"\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629":[8,16,126],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c":[9,117],"\u0625\u0630":[10],"\u062a\u0645":[11],"\u0641\u064a\u0647":[12],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639":[13],"\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629":[15],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f":[17,40,58,82,127],"\u0641\u064a":[18,102,120,128,132],"\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629":[19],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629":[20],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629":[21],"\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645":[22],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.":[23],"\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646":[24],"\u062a\u0644\u0643":[25,47],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629":[26,50],"\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a":[27],"\u0639\u062f\u0629":[28],"\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c":[29],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645":[30],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644":[31],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629":[32],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627":[33],"\u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629":[34,51],"\u0648\u0636\u0639":[35],"\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631":[36],"\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629":[37],"\u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629":[38],"\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629":[39],"\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629":[41,59],"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647":[42],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f":[43],"\u0645\u0646\u0647":[44],"\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u062b\u0627\u062b\u0647\u060c":[45],"\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644":[46],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a":[48],"\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a":[49],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635":[52],"\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a":[54],"\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636":[55],"\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a":[57],"\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647":[60],"\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c":[61],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644":[62],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[63],"\u062a\u062d\u062f":[64],"\u0645\u0646":[65],"\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c":[66],"\u0648\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631":[67],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f":[68],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646":[69],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a":[70],"\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644":[71],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[72],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[73,118],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636":[74],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f.":[75],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631":[76],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631":[77],"\u0623\u0646":[78],"\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629":[79,98],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645":[80],"\u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629":[81],"\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a":[83],"\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629":[84],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629\u060c":[85],"\u0628\u0644":[86],"\u0647\u064a":[87],"\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629":[88],"\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629":[89],"\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629":[90],"\u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629":[91],"\u0645\u0639":[92],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631":[93],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629":[94],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c":[95],"\u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629":[96],"\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627":[97],"\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629":[99],"\u0648\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629":[100],"\u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627":[101],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644":[103],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a":[104],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a":[105],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c":[106],"\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643":[107],"\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a":[108],"\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629":[109],"\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a":[110],"\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c":[111],"\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637":[112],"\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629":[113],"\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633":[114],"\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627":[115],"\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639":[116],"\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627":[119],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629":[121],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629":[122],"\u062e\u064a\u0631":[123],"\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644":[124],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646":[129],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645":[130],"\u0623\u0648":[131],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629":[133],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629":[134],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0629.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}