{"id":"https://openalex.org/W5765940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/135481669900500203","title":"Tourist Levies and Willingness to Pay for a Whale Shark Experience","display_name":"Tourist Levies and Willingness to Pay for a Whale Shark Experience","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W5765940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/135481669900500203","mag":"5765940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/135481669900500203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/135481669900500203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/135481669900500203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201197719","display_name":"Tourism Economics","issn_l":"1354-8166","issn":["1354-8166","2044-0375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049818930","display_name":"Derrin Davis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66809481","display_name":"Southern Cross University","ror":"https://ror.org/001xkv632","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66809481"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Derrin Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Research College, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480. Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Research College, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480. Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66809481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019087212","display_name":"Clem Tisdell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-4692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-4692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. A. Tisdell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049818930"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66809481"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94899427,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"161","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10841","display_name":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10841","display_name":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11793","display_name":"Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/willingness-to-pay","display_name":"willingness to pay","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ningaloo-marine-park","display_name":"Ningaloo Marine Park","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecotourism","display_name":"ecotourism","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-protected-area-management","display_name":"marine protected area management","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-charges","display_name":"access charges","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-tourists","display_name":"Japanese tourists","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-tourism-management","display_name":"sustainable tourism management","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-linear-models","display_name":"log-linear models","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777704720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1865281","display_name":"Whale","level":2,"score":0.87904953956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777364431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140813","display_name":"Willingness to pay","level":2,"score":0.8783146142959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.7418006062507629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5935536026954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.49369630217552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.48096027970314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4027795195579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.3904261589050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3550257384777069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3509080410003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3323032259941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30870452523231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14900118112564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.11452645063400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/135481669900500203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/135481669900500203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/135481669900500203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201197719","display_name":"Tourism Economics","issn_l":"1354-8166","issn":["1354-8166","2044-0375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:toueco:v:5:y:1999:i:2:p:161-174","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/135481669900500203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5769000053405762,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199318933","https://openalex.org/W4404440960","https://openalex.org/W1982236170","https://openalex.org/W2004169429","https://openalex.org/W2942873964","https://openalex.org/W135292820","https://openalex.org/W3170652123","https://openalex.org/W2014592120","https://openalex.org/W2400403243","https://openalex.org/W2137051680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Swimming":[0],"with":[1,188],"whale":[2,33,51,104,119,224],"sharks":[3,34],"has":[4],"become":[5],"popular":[6],"in":[7,29,49],"the":[8,30,50,61,64,70,74,95,111,125,129,134,171,177,207,217,223],"waters":[9],"of":[10,22,63,73,80,113,209,219,222],"Ningaloo":[11],"Marine":[12],"Park,":[13],"Western":[14,77],"Australia,":[15],"since":[16],"1993.":[17],"The":[18,76],"Park":[19],"is":[20,157,200],"one":[21],"very":[23],"few":[24],"known":[25],"and":[26,39,54,82,93,101,122],"accessible":[27],"places":[28],"world":[31],"where":[32],"congregate":[35],"on":[36,175],"a":[37,142,152,168,193,210],"regular":[38],"predictable":[40],"basis.":[41],"Consumers'":[42],"willingness":[43,56,112],"to":[44,47,57,60,69,109,115,123,214,216],"pay":[45,116,124],"(WTP)":[46],"participate":[48],"shark":[52,120,225],"experience,":[53],"their":[55,118],"contribute":[58,215],"financially":[59],"management":[62,100,221],"resource":[65],"might":[66],"be":[67],"important":[68],"long-term":[71],"sustainability":[72],"industry.":[75],"Australian":[78],"Department":[79],"Conservation":[81],"Land":[83],"Management":[84],"levies":[85],"tourist":[86],"operators":[87],"A$15":[88],"per":[89,91],"passenger":[90],"day,":[92],"uses":[94],"funds":[96],"collected":[97],"for":[98,117,128],"research,":[99],"education":[102],"about":[103],"sharks.":[105],"Surveys":[106],"were":[107],"undertaken":[108],"determine":[110],"participants":[114],"experience":[121,130],"levy.":[126],"WTP":[127,144,151,176,195],"was":[131,179],"slightly":[132],"below":[133],"amounts":[135],"actually":[136],"paid,":[137],"while":[138],"Japanese":[139,189],"tourists":[140,190,203],"indicated":[141,150],"lower":[143,194],"than":[145,156,196],"did":[146],"other":[147,197],"tourists.":[148],"Respondents":[149],"significantly":[153],"higher":[154],"levy":[155,178],"presently":[158],"charged":[159],"(":[160],"t":[161],"=":[162,183],"\u201310.99,":[163],"p":[164,185],"<":[165,186],"0.05).":[166],"In":[167],"loglinear":[169],"analysis":[170],"only":[172],"significant":[173],"effect":[174],"ethnicity":[180],"(Pearson":[181],"chi-square":[182],"16.2473,":[184],"0.05),":[187],"again":[191],"signalling":[192],"groups.":[198],"It":[199],"concluded":[201],"that":[202],"are":[204],"willing,":[205],"via":[206],"payment":[208],"transparent":[211],"\u2018access":[212],"fee\u2019,":[213],"costs":[218],"sustainable":[220],"experience.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}