{"id":"https://openalex.org/W565802303","doi":null,"title":"HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FEDERAL ANTITRUST LAWS AND TAXICAB REGULATION","display_name":"HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FEDERAL ANTITRUST LAWS AND TAXICAB REGULATION","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W565802303","mag":"565802303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:565802303","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/270286","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040211470","display_name":"Aaron L. Herold","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aaron L. Herold","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040211470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10250766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13439","display_name":"Transport and Economic Policies","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-antitrust-law","display_name":"federal antitrust law","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/municipal-immunity","display_name":"municipal immunity","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-trade-commission","display_name":"Federal Trade Commission","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treble-damages","display_name":"treble damages","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deregulation","display_name":"deregulation","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supreme-court","display_name":"Supreme Court","score":0.41200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.7278732657432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.6618281006813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5766251087188721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5505568385124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5234860181808472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.4886084198951721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4828244149684906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65664369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5162854","display_name":"Consent decree","level":2,"score":0.4491010010242462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44416069984436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3750978112220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3480517566204071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2909016013145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08870181441307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:565802303","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/270286","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546952666","https://openalex.org/W2921172332","https://openalex.org/W1540936628","https://openalex.org/W4206592534","https://openalex.org/W622270336","https://openalex.org/W799779483","https://openalex.org/W307729235","https://openalex.org/W580823657","https://openalex.org/W4396838793","https://openalex.org/W2594523845"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"years":[1],"taxicabs":[2],"have":[3],"operated":[4],"in":[5,9,99],"counties":[6,71],"and":[7,15,70,118,141],"cities":[8,69,136],"which":[10,153],"a":[11,19,55,59],"certificate":[12],"of":[13,23,58,135,151],"convenience":[14],"necessity":[16],"has":[17,179],"been":[18],"prerequisite":[20],"for":[21],"provision":[22],"taxi":[24,31],"or":[25,40,194],"limousine":[26],"service.":[27],"Entry":[28],"into":[29],"the":[30,36,84,89,96,133,146],"business":[32],"required":[33],"demonstration":[34],"to":[35,63,107,113,119,131,137],"local":[37,115],"governing":[38],"body":[39],"regulatory":[41],"agency":[42],"that":[43,68,102,167],"existing":[44],"service":[45],"was":[46,52,66,81,145],"not":[47,180],"adequate.":[48],"Because":[49],"this":[50],"regulation":[51],"regarded":[53],"as":[54],"legitimate":[56],"exercise":[57],"political":[60],"subdivision's":[61],"right":[62,134],"govern,":[64],"it":[65],"thought":[67],"were":[72],"immune":[73,170,188],"from":[74,156],"anti-trust":[75],"laws.":[76,161],"In":[77],"1982":[78],"city":[79],"immunity":[80],"rejected":[82],"by":[83],"U.S.":[85],"Supreme":[86,163],"Court":[87,164],"unless":[88],"state":[90,121,176],"had":[91],"enacted":[92],"legislation":[93,122],"specifically":[94],"authorizing":[95,123],"anti-competitive":[97],"conduct":[98],"question.":[100],"Fearful":[101],"they":[103,190],"could":[104],"be":[105],"subject":[106],"treble":[108],"damage":[109,157],"suits,":[110],"municipalities":[111,155],"began":[112],"deregulate":[114],"taxicab":[116,139],"markets":[117],"obtain":[120],"regulation.":[124,196],"The":[125,143,162],"Federal":[126],"Tade":[127],"Commission":[128],"then":[129],"decided":[130,166,182],"challenge":[132],"regulate":[138],"entry":[140],"fares.":[142],"result":[144],"Local":[147],"Government":[148],"Antitrust":[149],"Act":[150],"1984":[152],"exempted":[154],"suites":[158],"under":[159],"antitrust":[160],"subsequently":[165],"muinicipalities":[168],"are":[169,186],"even":[171],"if":[172,183],"there":[173],"is":[174],"no":[175],"authorization.":[177],"It":[178],"yet":[181],"private":[184],"parties":[185],"also":[187],"when":[189],"comply":[191],"with":[192],"municipal":[193],"county":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}