{"id":"https://openalex.org/W56529273","doi":null,"title":"Training Nonprofessionals for Reference Service.","display_name":"Training Nonprofessionals for Reference Service.","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W56529273","mag":"56529273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:56529273","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ162645","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RQ","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kathleen Coleman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Coleman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078416572","display_name":"Elizabeth Margutti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Margutti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91540404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10712","display_name":"Library Science and Information Literacy","score":0.8276000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10712","display_name":"Library Science and Information Literacy","score":0.8276000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12289","display_name":"Library Science and Administration","score":0.09009999781847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13673","display_name":"Library Science and Information","score":0.045899998396635056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-services","display_name":"reference services","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-training","display_name":"employee training","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-service-training","display_name":"in-service training","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-libraries","display_name":"academic libraries","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-libraries","display_name":"college libraries","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-desk","display_name":"reference desk","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-workforce","display_name":"library staffing","score":0.3019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777512617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783605","display_name":"Staffing","level":2,"score":0.6557247042655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.571716845035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778584369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q630961","display_name":"Reference desk","level":2,"score":0.5313060283660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5091068148612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.394511878490448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.37876760959625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3367997407913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31505072116851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23536384105682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20782747864723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.11297407746315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.08013558387756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:56529273","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ162645","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RQ","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5385000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W214305263","https://openalex.org/W380844671","https://openalex.org/W430398559","https://openalex.org/W1524739139","https://openalex.org/W1574109874","https://openalex.org/W2115912133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2191190865","https://openalex.org/W2115912133","https://openalex.org/W7097049433","https://openalex.org/W326050657","https://openalex.org/W7006326894","https://openalex.org/W17941434","https://openalex.org/W2065175006","https://openalex.org/W1490235373","https://openalex.org/W2069592892","https://openalex.org/W7099500826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"part":[1],"of":[2,49,80,115,137],"an":[3],"effort":[4],"to":[5,13],"provide":[6,95],"more":[7,76],"com":[8],"plete":[9],"and":[10,16,41,85,117],"varied":[11],"information":[12,67],"users,":[14],"college":[15],"university":[17,53],"libraries":[18,54,82],"throughout":[19],"the":[20,81,105,112,135,138],"United":[21],"States":[22],"are":[23],"increasingly":[24],"staffing":[25],"some":[26],"public":[27,92],"service":[28,68,93],"points":[29],"with":[30,58],"nonprofessional":[31],"personnel.":[32],"In":[33],"a":[34,125],"survey":[35],"reported":[36],"by":[37,143],"L.":[38],"M.":[39],"Boyer":[40],"W.":[42],"C.":[43],"Thiemer":[44],"in":[45,66,83,101],"1975,":[46],"69":[47],"percent":[48,79],"141":[50],"re":[51],"porting":[52],"staffed":[55],"reference":[56,102,139],"desks":[57,94],"nonprofessionals.1":[59],"Yet":[60],"most":[61],"librar":[62],"ies":[63],"employing":[64],"nonprofessionals":[65,90,123],"do":[69],"not":[70],"train":[71],"them":[72],"for":[73,104],"this":[74],"work;":[75],"than":[77],"80":[78],"Boyer's":[84],"Thiemer's":[86],"study":[87],"who":[88],"use":[89],"at":[91,124],"no":[96],"formal":[97],"in-ser":[98],"vice":[99],"training":[100],"work":[103,136],"staff.2":[106],"At":[107],"San":[108],"Diego":[109],"State":[110],"University,":[111],"Depart":[113],"ment":[114],"Reference":[116,126],"Instructional":[118],"Services":[119],"has":[120],"employed":[121],"high-level":[122],"Assistant's":[127],"Desk":[128],"since":[129],"1974.":[130],"Ref":[131],"erence":[132],"assistants":[133],"complement":[134],"librarians":[140],"on":[141],"duty":[142],"performing":[144],"these":[145],"tasks:":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}