{"id":"https://openalex.org/W56485625","doi":null,"title":"Compensation for wrongful conviction","display_name":"Compensation for wrongful conviction","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W56485625","mag":"56485625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:56485625","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2008-06/apo-nid9202.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764966318","display_name":"Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice","issn_l":"0817-8542","issn":["0817-8542","1836-2206"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051143587","display_name":"Adrian Hoel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Hoel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051143587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3083,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96992194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"356","first_page":"1","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.5175999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.5175999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.14429999887943268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.08609999716281891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrongful-convictions","display_name":"wrongful convictions","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-gratia-payments","display_name":"ex gratia payments","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-human-rights-treaties","display_name":"human rights treaties","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causes-of-wrongful-convictions","display_name":"causes of wrongful convictions","score":0.6069999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777278149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916183","display_name":"Conviction","level":2,"score":0.8331971764564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841236","display_name":"Imprisonment","level":2,"score":0.6051523089408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6011909246444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909129154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916183","display_name":"Criminal Conviction","level":3,"score":0.5082321166992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.496827632188797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4545125961303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.4458789527416229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34616541862487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3447469472885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2548331618309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24492254853248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:56485625","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2008-06/apo-nid9202.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764966318","display_name":"Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice","issn_l":"0817-8542","issn":["0817-8542","1836-2206"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W590226995","https://openalex.org/W1539225652","https://openalex.org/W2017752653","https://openalex.org/W2101699599","https://openalex.org/W2117237395","https://openalex.org/W2156825609","https://openalex.org/W2163937307","https://openalex.org/W2234360446","https://openalex.org/W2796967846","https://openalex.org/W2889944373","https://openalex.org/W2902211299","https://openalex.org/W2941850391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197740799","https://openalex.org/W1511575775","https://openalex.org/W7100822584","https://openalex.org/W1985094360","https://openalex.org/W4206218595","https://openalex.org/W7105652117","https://openalex.org/W6996933720","https://openalex.org/W7160018634","https://openalex.org/W2115412100","https://openalex.org/W2892372003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,111,252,519],"paper":[1,112,253,328],"examines":[2],"the":[3,8,13,28,80,114,135,236,255,269,274,277,285,293,300,324,336,420,438,514,530,542,557,588,607,630,633],"causes":[4,270],"of":[5,10,15,21,32,46,68,88,116,137,182,271,276,287,302,308,326,498,503,521,544,556,570,605,616,632],"wrongful":[6,22,54,95,138,145,272,288,320,342,508,522,552],"imprisonment,":[7,273],"nature":[9,275],"losses":[11],"and":[12,18,30,36,168,172,193,235,284,299,356,365,377,384,419,426,452,469,535,541,551,574],"applicability":[14],"international":[16,106,294],"approaches":[17,301],"conventions.":[19],"Definitions":[20],"conviction":[23,55,96,343,391,421,444,509,523,553,578,618],"vary":[24],"internationally,":[25],"as":[26,60,62,240,266,268,613],"do":[27,222,227],"circumstances":[29],"amount":[31],"compensation.":[33,215],"Australian":[34,76,81,101,204,264,310],"states":[35],"territories":[37],"can":[38,398],"make":[39],"discretionary":[40],"ex":[41,69],"gratia":[42,70],"payments,":[43],"although":[44],"determination":[45],"compensation":[47],"amounts":[48],"is":[49,84,128,322,627,638],"unclear.":[50],"Compensation":[51],"levels":[52],"for":[53,94,238,258],"in":[56,74,119,140,213,220,263,296,335,465,529,636],"Australia":[57,120,221],"are":[58,206,210,249,370,474],"not":[59,207,223,228,476],"generous":[61],"tortious":[63],"claims.":[64],"The":[65,86,174,306,344,549],"current":[66],"system":[67],"payments":[71],"that":[72,181,433,527,590,599,629],"exists":[73],"all":[75],"jurisdictions":[77,102,205,265,311],"(other":[78],"than":[79,151],"Capital":[82],"Territory)":[83],"arbitrary.":[85],"introduction":[87],"dedicated":[89],"legislation":[90],"or":[91,243,406,473,482,582,593,640],"specific":[92,313],"guidelines":[93],"would":[97],"help":[98],"bring":[99],"these":[100,496],"into":[103,198,402],"line":[104],"with":[105],"human":[107],"rights":[108],"best":[109],"practice.":[110],"considers":[113,254],"scope":[115,325],"claims":[117],"made":[118],"through":[121],"some":[122,501],"key":[123],"case":[124],"studies.":[125],"However,":[126],"there":[127,600],"currently":[129],"no":[130,470],"reliable":[131],"national":[132,304],"data":[133],"on":[134,395,448,533,587],"prevalence":[136,286],"convictions":[139,146,321,463],"Australia;":[141],"overseas":[142],"research":[143],"suggests":[144],"may":[147],"be":[148,400,511,620],"less":[149],"rare":[150],"we":[152],"assume.":[153],"Judy":[154],"Putt":[155],"General":[156],"Manager,":[157],"Research":[158],"Wrongfully":[159],"convicted":[160,187,218,261,388,418,425,569],"people":[161,188,219,262,283,352,403,499],"commonly":[162],"feel":[163],"emotions":[164],"ranging":[165],"from":[166],"anger":[167],"loss":[169,278],"to":[170,180,241,246,315,318,373,413,437,513,547,623,643],"paranoia":[171],"betrayal.":[173],"long-term":[175,195],"effects":[176],"have":[177,194,381,407,427,454,461,483],"been":[178,382,393,409,428,446,484,568,580,585,602],"likened":[179],"war":[183],"veterans;":[184],"many":[185],"wrongfully":[186,217,260,281],"experience":[189],"ongoing":[190],"psychiatric":[191],"dysfunction":[192],"difficulties":[196],"reintegrating":[197],"society":[199],"(Grounds":[200],"2004).":[201],"Currently,":[202],"most":[203,524,545],"generous,":[208],"nor":[209],"they":[211],"transparent,":[212],"awarding":[214],"Many":[216],"get":[224,229],"any":[225],"compensation,":[226],"their":[230,462],"legal":[231],"fees":[232],"paid":[233],"for,":[234],"reasons":[237],"decisions":[239],"whether":[242,309],"how":[244],"much":[245],"compensate":[247],"them":[248],"never":[250],"disclosed.":[251],"mechanisms":[256],"used":[257],"compensating":[259],"well":[267],"suffered":[279,611],"by":[280,564],"imprisoned":[282],"conviction.":[289],"It":[290],"also":[291,399],"discusses":[292],"conventions":[295],"this":[297,327,506],"area":[298],"other":[303],"jurisdictions.":[305],"question":[307],"need":[312],"institutions":[314],"review":[316],"cases":[317],"detect":[319],"beyond":[323],"(see":[329,539,645],"Gould":[330],"2004":[331],"regarding":[332],"such":[333,479,617],"bodies":[334],"United":[337],"States;":[338],"Weathered":[339],"2007).":[340],"Defining":[341],"term":[345],"'wrongful":[346],"conviction'":[347],"could":[348],"encompass":[349],"situations":[350],"where":[351],"are:":[353],"*":[354,363,375,387,424,450],"arrested":[355],"detained":[357,364],"but":[358,367,379,389,458],"released":[359],"without":[360],"being":[361,417,422,440],"charged":[362,366],"whose":[368,390,443],"charges":[369],"dropped":[371],"prior":[372,412,436],"trial":[374,414],"tried":[376,451],"acquitted":[378],"who":[380,404,459,609],"remanded":[383],"denied":[385],"bail":[386,411],"has":[392,434,445,563,579,584,601,610],"quashed":[394,447,464],"appeal":[396,439,468],"(this":[397],"divided":[401],"have,":[405],"not,":[408],"granted":[410],"and/or":[415],"after":[416],"overturned)":[423],"sentenced":[429],"a":[430,480,561,565,571,591,603,614],"non-custodial":[431],"sanction":[432],"served/enforced":[435],"heard":[441],"(but":[442],"appeal)":[449],"convicted,":[453],"exhausted":[455],"ail":[456,495],"appeals":[457],"later":[460],"an":[466],"extraordinary":[467],"retrial":[471,481],"ordered,":[472],"found":[475],"guilty":[477],"at":[478],"pardoned":[485,586],"(Huff":[486],"2002a;":[487],"New":[488],"Zealand":[489],"Law":[490],"Reform":[491],"Commission":[492],"1998).":[493],"Arguably,":[494],"categories":[497],"deserve":[500],"form":[502],"restitution.":[504],"For":[505],"paper,":[507],"will":[510],"limited":[512],"last":[515],"category":[516],"outlined":[517],"above.":[518],"definition":[520],"closely":[525],"approximates":[526],"adopted":[528],"International":[531],"Covenant":[532],"Civil":[534],"Political":[536],"Rights":[537],"(ICCPR)":[538],"below)":[540],"approach":[543],"signatories":[546],"it.":[548],"ICCPR":[550,558],"Article":[554],"14(6)":[555],"provides:":[559],"When":[560],"person":[562,608],"final":[566],"decision":[567],"criminal":[572],"offence":[573],"when":[575],"subsequently":[576],"his":[577],"reversed":[581],"he":[583],"ground":[589],"new":[592],"newly":[594],"discovered":[595],"fact":[596,635],"shows":[597],"conclusively":[598],"miscarriage":[604],"justice,":[606],"punishment":[612],"result":[615],"shall":[619],"compensated":[621],"according":[622],"law,":[624],"unless":[625],"it":[626],"proved":[628],"nondisclosure":[631],"unknown":[634],"time":[637],"wholly":[639],"partly":[641],"attributable":[642],"him":[644],"Note":[646],"1).":[647],"\u2026":[648]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
