{"id":"https://openalex.org/W564658117","doi":null,"title":"The State as Investment Market : An Analytical Framework for Interpreting Politics and Bureaucracy in Kyrgyzstan","display_name":"The State as Investment Market : An Analytical Framework for Interpreting Politics and Bureaucracy in Kyrgyzstan","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W564658117","mag":"564658117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-159378","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159378","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006853108","display_name":"Johan Engvall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johan Engvall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006853108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.6894999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.6894999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14433","display_name":"Post-Communist Economic and Political Transition","score":0.2619999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13186","display_name":"Russia and Soviet political economy","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bureaucracy","display_name":"bureaucracy","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy-of-the-state","display_name":"political economy of the state","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalism","display_name":"personalism","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-monopoly","display_name":"state monopoly","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-instability","display_name":"systemic instability","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kyrgyzstan","display_name":"Kyrgyzstan","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-soviet-states","display_name":"post-Soviet states","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-organization","display_name":"political organization","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.7727068662643433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7013182640075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7008202075958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5497865080833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.532817542552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5031408667564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.49246272444725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.4207164943218231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.35573601722717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3493465185165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3249874711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1740865707397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1542607545852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-159378","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:564658117","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.fergananews.com/archive/2011/kyrg_corruption.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-159378","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":228,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12892825","https://openalex.org/W26367299","https://openalex.org/W49119747","https://openalex.org/W87389283","https://openalex.org/W96022551","https://openalex.org/W113773536","https://openalex.org/W123746009","https://openalex.org/W143616105","https://openalex.org/W199990958","https://openalex.org/W273141980","https://openalex.org/W361723651","https://openalex.org/W569663514","https://openalex.org/W570119972","https://openalex.org/W572404875","https://openalex.org/W575985410","https://openalex.org/W592082668","https://openalex.org/W606203529","https://openalex.org/W607032178","https://openalex.org/W609106814","https://openalex.org/W614262121","https://openalex.org/W614300700","https://openalex.org/W618487289","https://openalex.org/W623103809","https://openalex.org/W628124282","https://openalex.org/W629063669","https://openalex.org/W636994221","https://openalex.org/W649568786","https://openalex.org/W652351683","https://openalex.org/W657411431","https://openalex.org/W1482410984","https://openalex.org/W1484828128","https://openalex.org/W1489839542","https://openalex.org/W1490439974","https://openalex.org/W1490619857","https://openalex.org/W1491828535","https://openalex.org/W1497202253","https://openalex.org/W1498005718","https://openalex.org/W1501118573","https://openalex.org/W1503237416","https://openalex.org/W1505185041","https://openalex.org/W1519984423","https://openalex.org/W1524745698","https://openalex.org/W1524911922","https://openalex.org/W1525524957","https://openalex.org/W1527175231","https://openalex.org/W1528566708","https://openalex.org/W1529105775","https://openalex.org/W1530660884","https://openalex.org/W1542311976","https://openalex.org/W1546618178","https://openalex.org/W1552191369","https://openalex.org/W1557941775","https://openalex.org/W1559813403","https://openalex.org/W1570904344","https://openalex.org/W1577916257","https://openalex.org/W1578207334","https://openalex.org/W1579783522","https://openalex.org/W1580312810","https://openalex.org/W1582402140","https://openalex.org/W1585211997","https://openalex.org/W1597980305","https://openalex.org/W1598139814","https://openalex.org/W1604489340","https://openalex.org/W1708527594","https://openalex.org/W1839297350","https://openalex.org/W1889471842","https://openalex.org/W1914164914","https://openalex.org/W1967262375","https://openalex.org/W1967413961","https://openalex.org/W1967654433","https://openalex.org/W1969071878","https://openalex.org/W1972554302","https://openalex.org/W1974511229","https://openalex.org/W1975314456","https://openalex.org/W1977326988","https://openalex.org/W1978555782","https://openalex.org/W1982108682","https://openalex.org/W1982209805","https://openalex.org/W1983760863","https://openalex.org/W1985078875","https://openalex.org/W1985949873","https://openalex.org/W1987574243","https://openalex.org/W1988377235","https://openalex.org/W1990033561","https://openalex.org/W1991899914","https://openalex.org/W1992491202","https://openalex.org/W1992664093","https://openalex.org/W1992940604","https://openalex.org/W1993959345","https://openalex.org/W1996203633","https://openalex.org/W1997615407","https://openalex.org/W1998690463","https://openalex.org/W1999308585","https://openalex.org/W2000881501","https://openalex.org/W2001786781","https://openalex.org/W2003610907","https://openalex.org/W2004342110","https://openalex.org/W2004556535","https://openalex.org/W2006651840","https://openalex.org/W2006836826","https://openalex.org/W2006961807","https://openalex.org/W2008137989","https://openalex.org/W2009212856","https://openalex.org/W2009952390","https://openalex.org/W2011988155","https://openalex.org/W2012195278","https://openalex.org/W2015746028","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2018735592","https://openalex.org/W2019346767","https://openalex.org/W2019769322","https://openalex.org/W2021330097","https://openalex.org/W2024460106","https://openalex.org/W2025146965","https://openalex.org/W2025334810","https://openalex.org/W2027786223","https://openalex.org/W2029947918","https://openalex.org/W2034606455","https://openalex.org/W2035486310","https://openalex.org/W2036178888","https://openalex.org/W2036930951","https://openalex.org/W2037265139","https://openalex.org/W2039009740","https://openalex.org/W2039094939","https://openalex.org/W2039929710","https://openalex.org/W2040605308","https://openalex.org/W2040859479","https://openalex.org/W2041273782","https://openalex.org/W2043050484","https://openalex.org/W2043654565","https://openalex.org/W2051395383","https://openalex.org/W2052704846","https://openalex.org/W2055992300","https://openalex.org/W2060835712","https://openalex.org/W2064726231","https://openalex.org/W2066979365","https://openalex.org/W2069378611","https://openalex.org/W2070706475","https://openalex.org/W2082560277","https://openalex.org/W2083834250","https://openalex.org/W2085018145","https://openalex.org/W2086024395","https://openalex.org/W2090125241","https://openalex.org/W2092856532","https://openalex.org/W2094024331","https://openalex.org/W2096647228","https://openalex.org/W2097325810","https://openalex.org/W2099684596","https://openalex.org/W2102558492","https://openalex.org/W2103183631","https://openalex.org/W2106866736","https://openalex.org/W2107559193","https://openalex.org/W2117233032","https://openalex.org/W2118463881","https://openalex.org/W2118549945","https://openalex.org/W2119210526","https://openalex.org/W2124825646","https://openalex.org/W2130956473","https://openalex.org/W2132510937","https://openalex.org/W2137333334","https://openalex.org/W2144102930","https://openalex.org/W2148388782","https://openalex.org/W2150302465","https://openalex.org/W2151843295","https://openalex.org/W2153204398","https://openalex.org/W2153498557","https://openalex.org/W2153656501","https://openalex.org/W2153943092","https://openalex.org/W2157509893","https://openalex.org/W2159393489","https://openalex.org/W2160743758","https://openalex.org/W2161920755","https://openalex.org/W2165247767","https://openalex.org/W2166877384","https://openalex.org/W2167155027","https://openalex.org/W2168115669","https://openalex.org/W2168283218","https://openalex.org/W2169617572","https://openalex.org/W2169814545","https://openalex.org/W2170993594","https://openalex.org/W2208873893","https://openalex.org/W2234994994","https://openalex.org/W2237031714","https://openalex.org/W2274379766","https://openalex.org/W2297079716","https://openalex.org/W2314931581","https://openalex.org/W2315473335","https://openalex.org/W2315482921","https://openalex.org/W2316967034","https://openalex.org/W2318255193","https://openalex.org/W2319933210","https://openalex.org/W2323537747","https://openalex.org/W2332202706","https://openalex.org/W2472069859","https://openalex.org/W2479826650","https://openalex.org/W2481446628","https://openalex.org/W2495505002","https://openalex.org/W2504468988","https://openalex.org/W2510332859","https://openalex.org/W2561720403","https://openalex.org/W2564138344","https://openalex.org/W2579891047","https://openalex.org/W2587409525","https://openalex.org/W2592156478","https://openalex.org/W2607735514","https://openalex.org/W2783085981","https://openalex.org/W2795919569","https://openalex.org/W2798844464","https://openalex.org/W2984076671","https://openalex.org/W3021557643","https://openalex.org/W3022339544","https://openalex.org/W3023880103","https://openalex.org/W3121147769","https://openalex.org/W3121277716","https://openalex.org/W3122257179","https://openalex.org/W3125511954","https://openalex.org/W3125713107","https://openalex.org/W3125867534","https://openalex.org/W3149953018","https://openalex.org/W3165805471","https://openalex.org/W3168108073","https://openalex.org/W3168883611","https://openalex.org/W3169787406","https://openalex.org/W4229509151","https://openalex.org/W4233459396","https://openalex.org/W4247957079","https://openalex.org/W4256436759","https://openalex.org/W4302575906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097291428","https://openalex.org/W2074503207","https://openalex.org/W2612455454","https://openalex.org/W1596878394","https://openalex.org/W570119972","https://openalex.org/W187791277","https://openalex.org/W1998690463","https://openalex.org/W2326481675","https://openalex.org/W2398895286","https://openalex.org/W937550309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"What":[0],"type":[1,220],"of":[2,12,30,37,50,80,87,205,216,221,237],"state":[3,64,134,198,270],"has":[4,66],"emerged":[5],"in":[6,41,112,132,147,168,171,208,218,242],"post-Soviet":[7],"Kyrgyzstan,":[8],"and":[9,22,32,153,156,162,178,199,213,240,260,266,273],"what":[10],"kind":[11],"theoretical":[13],"framework":[14],"must":[15],"we":[16],"develop":[17],"to":[18,89,130,137,173,181,196,225,233,268,286,293],"understand":[19],"its":[20],"behavior":[21,217],"performance?":[23],"This":[24,55,281],"study":[25],"argues":[26],"that":[27,36],"the":[28,48,62,93,113,133,144,148,175,197,203,231,235,248,269],"logic":[29,79],"political":[31,81,152,188],"bureaucratic":[33],"organization":[34],"follows":[35],"an":[38],"investment":[39],"market":[40,122,229,290],"which":[42,65,150],"public":[43,97,124,169],"offices":[44,170],"are":[45,115,194],"purchased":[46],"with":[47],"expectation":[49],"yielding":[51],"a":[52,58,76,85,138,287,294],"favorable":[53],"return.":[54],"theory":[56,73],"represents":[57],"novel":[59],"perspective":[60],"on":[61,71,227],"post-communist":[63],"hitherto":[67],"either":[68],"been":[69],"premised":[70],"modernization":[72],"or":[74,106],"emphasized":[75],"robustly":[77],"personalistic":[78,279],"organization.":[82],"There":[83],"is":[84,99,210,230,262,275],"serial":[86],"linkages":[88],"this":[90,187,219,228],"argument.":[91],"First,":[92],"decisive":[94],"factor":[95],"for":[96,123,192,244,250,271,284],"employment":[98],"unofficial":[100,245],"financial":[101],"payments":[102],"rather":[103],"than":[104,118,143],"merits":[105],"personal":[107,258],"ties.":[108,280],"The":[109,121,223],"sums":[110],"involved":[111],"exchange":[114,243],"far":[116],"greater":[117],"conventional":[119],"\u201cbribery.\u201d":[120],"offices,":[125],"intimately":[126],"connected":[127,180],"from":[128],"top":[129],"bottom":[131],"hierarchy,":[135],"pertains":[136],"much":[139],"more":[140,255,288],"unified":[141],"system":[142],"one":[145],"found":[146],"literature":[149],"treats":[151],"administrative,":[154],"high":[155],"low":[157],"level":[158],"corruption":[159,207],"as":[160,291],"distinct":[161],"unrelated":[163],"forms.":[164],"Second,":[165],"individuals":[166],"invest":[167],"order":[172],"convert":[174],"rights,":[176],"assets":[177],"powers":[179],"officialdom":[182],"into":[183],"private":[184],"capital.":[185],"In":[186],"economy,":[189],"alternative":[190],"markets":[191],"enrichment":[193],"subordinated":[195],"poorly":[200],"functioning.":[201],"Third,":[202],"abundance":[204],"pecuniary":[206],"Kyrgyzstan":[209],"standardized,":[211],"entrenched":[212],"predictable":[214],"norms":[215],"state.":[222],"key":[224],"success":[226],"ability":[232],"control":[234],"supply":[236],"\u201cpublic\u201d":[238],"goods":[239],"services":[241],"payments.":[246],"Finally,":[247],"risk":[249],"systemic":[251],"instability":[252],"increases":[253],"when":[254],"reasonably":[256],"inclusive":[257],"connections":[259],"money":[261],"no":[263],"longer":[264],"sufficient":[265],"access":[267],"earning":[272],"investing":[274],"manipulated":[276],"by":[277],"narrow":[278],"creates":[282],"pressure":[283],"returning":[285],"competitive":[289],"opposed":[292],"monopolistic":[295],"order.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
