{"id":"https://openalex.org/W564585376","doi":null,"title":"Biopsychosocial Factors That Discriminate Between White Collar Offenders and Business Professionals","display_name":"Biopsychosocial Factors That Discriminate Between White Collar Offenders and Business Professionals","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W564585376","mag":"564585376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.waldenu.edu:dissertations-1476","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/477","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1476&context=dissertations","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196507","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Walden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","host_organization_name":"Walden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1476&context=dissertations","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085307554","display_name":"Susan Lynn Zukowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","display_name":"Walden University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp2hh41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susan Lynn Zukowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walden Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walden Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085307554"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10565","display_name":"Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10565","display_name":"Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.09070000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.028699999675154686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-collar-crime","display_name":"white-collar crime","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopsychosocial-model","display_name":"biopsychosocial model","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offender-personality","display_name":"offender personality","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-professionals","display_name":"business professionals","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroticism","display_name":"neuroticism","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narcissism","display_name":"narcissism","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-abuse","display_name":"alcohol abuse","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-use","display_name":"drug use","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"attribution","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income","display_name":"income","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"openness to experience","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hostility","display_name":"hostility","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"anger","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offender-profiling","display_name":"criminal profiling","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-ethics-training","display_name":"business ethics training","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-crime","display_name":"corporate crime","score":0.34599998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137886200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725568","display_name":"Biopsychosocial model","level":2,"score":0.9764644503593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108904","display_name":"Collar","level":2,"score":0.6997259259223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5680227279663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5465405583381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776394362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137778","display_name":"White-collar crime","level":2,"score":0.5440101623535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4177991449832916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3458637297153473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.33493369817733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27988964319229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2092500925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.20584800839424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.18708842992782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.waldenu.edu:dissertations-1476","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/477","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1476&context=dissertations","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196507","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Walden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","host_organization_name":"Walden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:564585376","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1476&context=dissertations","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.waldenu.edu:dissertations-1476","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/477","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1476&context=dissertations","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196507","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Walden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","host_organization_name":"Walden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W564585376.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W564585376.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W312954290","https://openalex.org/W619525546","https://openalex.org/W622569525","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1584866930","https://openalex.org/W1585343173","https://openalex.org/W1831066781","https://openalex.org/W1927704055","https://openalex.org/W1963799448","https://openalex.org/W1967169350","https://openalex.org/W1967849575","https://openalex.org/W1974706825","https://openalex.org/W1974793634","https://openalex.org/W1982777740","https://openalex.org/W1994168566","https://openalex.org/W1997243500","https://openalex.org/W1997578931","https://openalex.org/W1997706112","https://openalex.org/W2001372868","https://openalex.org/W2006541621","https://openalex.org/W2008943124","https://openalex.org/W2013577309","https://openalex.org/W2014570406","https://openalex.org/W2019692165","https://openalex.org/W2040108740","https://openalex.org/W2040985146","https://openalex.org/W2044492703","https://openalex.org/W2053226019","https://openalex.org/W2058172621","https://openalex.org/W2061823472","https://openalex.org/W2067891111","https://openalex.org/W2068872041","https://openalex.org/W2072500831","https://openalex.org/W2073369242","https://openalex.org/W2077872167","https://openalex.org/W2083647746","https://openalex.org/W2085355557","https://openalex.org/W2089858886","https://openalex.org/W2096533706","https://openalex.org/W2099883875","https://openalex.org/W2106664002","https://openalex.org/W2110608362","https://openalex.org/W2110722766","https://openalex.org/W2120788643","https://openalex.org/W2123066203","https://openalex.org/W2123506998","https://openalex.org/W2127613932","https://openalex.org/W2129015869","https://openalex.org/W2131475940","https://openalex.org/W2138876001","https://openalex.org/W2139139110","https://openalex.org/W2147666709","https://openalex.org/W2149122047","https://openalex.org/W2150188304","https://openalex.org/W2156430158","https://openalex.org/W2160265207","https://openalex.org/W2168432963","https://openalex.org/W2169863498","https://openalex.org/W2249595199","https://openalex.org/W2293281487","https://openalex.org/W2767879018","https://openalex.org/W2790268890","https://openalex.org/W2918142631","https://openalex.org/W2936780320","https://openalex.org/W2993936231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089858886","https://openalex.org/W7099151762","https://openalex.org/W2293005507","https://openalex.org/W4413236619","https://openalex.org/W2040544222","https://openalex.org/W2152828823","https://openalex.org/W4389206815","https://openalex.org/W260596177","https://openalex.org/W2235827361","https://openalex.org/W2199636492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"White":[0,152],"collar":[1,55,75,92,114,153,182],"crime":[2,80],"is":[3],"pervasive":[4],"with":[5,179],"a":[6,63,86,199],"larger":[7],"financial":[8],"impact":[9],"to":[10,36,72,82,89,107,156,206,224],"society":[11],"than":[12],"violent":[13],"or":[14],"street":[15,24],"crime,":[16,76],"yet":[17],"it":[18],"has":[19,27,58],"been":[20],"understudied.":[21],"Violent":[22],"and":[23,34,42,47,65,94,119,131,146,162,166,172,189,196,209,228,235],"offender":[25,56,98,183],"research":[26,57],"moved":[28],"beyond":[29],"the":[30,51,95,109,128,180],"examination":[31],"of":[32,53,79,102,202,232],"motive":[33],"opportunity":[35],"study":[37,105],"personality,":[38],"demographics,":[39],"sociological":[40],"influences,":[41],"psychological":[43],"influences":[44,96],"on":[45,60,97,170],"development":[46],"criminal":[48],"behavior;":[49],"however,":[50],"bulk":[52],"white":[54,74,91,113,181],"focused":[59],"greed":[61],"as":[62],"motivator":[64],"organizational":[66],"opportunity.":[67],"Legislative":[68],"efforts":[69],"have":[70,159,167],"attempted":[71],"curtail":[73],"but":[77],"incidents":[78],"continue":[81],"rise,":[83],"resulting":[84],"in":[85,148],"continued":[87],"need":[88],"understand":[90],"offenders":[93,115,154],"behavior.":[99],"The":[100,194],"purpose":[101],"this":[103],"quantitative":[104],"was":[106,176],"examine":[108],"multivariate":[110],"difference":[111],"between":[112],"(n":[116,122],"=":[117,123],"62)":[118],"business":[120,221],"professionals":[121],"121).":[124],"Theoretically":[125],"guided":[126],"by":[127],"biopsychosocial":[129],"model":[130],"prior":[132],"empirical":[133],"findings,":[134],"36":[135],"variables":[136],"were":[137,144,191],"univariately":[138],"tested":[139],"for":[140],"group":[141],"differences;":[142],"10":[143],"significant":[145],"used":[147],"discriminant":[149],"function":[150],"analysis.":[151],"tended":[155],"be":[157,216],"female,":[158],"high":[160],"neuroticism":[161],"alcohol":[163],"abuse":[164],"scores,":[165],"low":[168],"scores":[169],"narcissism":[171],"attribution.":[173],"Drug":[174],"use":[175],"positively":[177],"correlated":[178],"profile,":[184],"while":[185],"income,":[186],"openness,":[187],"hostility,":[188],"anger":[190],"inversely":[192],"related.":[193],"profile":[195],"correlates":[197],"provide":[198],"deeper":[200],"understanding":[201],"those":[203],"who":[204],"choose":[205],"cross":[207],"legal":[208],"ethical":[210],"lines.":[211],"Positive":[212],"social":[213],"change":[214],"could":[215],"realized":[217],"through":[218],"targeted":[219],"collegiate":[220],"training":[222],"programs":[223],"address":[225],"risk":[226],"characteristics":[227],"promote":[229],"protective":[230],"factors":[231],"ethics,":[233],"integrity,":[234],"leadership.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
