{"id":"https://openalex.org/W56385806","doi":null,"title":"Evaluation of body fat estimated from body mass index, skinfolds and impedance. A comparative study.","display_name":"Evaluation of body fat estimated from body mass index, skinfolds and impedance. A comparative study.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W56385806","mag":"56385806","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2086212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2086212","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2086212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of clinical nutrition","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065163127","display_name":"Berit L. Heitmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6809-4504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6809-4504","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1618-9221"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B L Heitmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Dept. of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Dept. of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065163127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55534098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"11","first_page":"831","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-fat-estimation","display_name":"body fat estimation","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skinfold-thickness","display_name":"skinfold thickness","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioimpedance","display_name":"bioimpedance","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-body-water","display_name":"total body water","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium","display_name":"potassium","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/four-compartment-model","display_name":"four-compartment model","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-equations","display_name":"regression equations","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-validation","display_name":"cross-validation","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adults","display_name":"adults","score":0.3050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33872192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864287","display_name":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis","level":3,"score":0.710970938205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.7045334577560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.6074316501617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84029825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4936981","display_name":"Body water","level":3,"score":0.5929685831069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.5515430569648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.5299524068832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4794832170009613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47587814927101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.43455925583839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.43414685130119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18747219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620994","display_name":"Standard error","level":2,"score":0.43235689401626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.4176061451435089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.29628944396972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.26797857880592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1561782956123352}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000273","descriptor_name":"Adipose Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012885","descriptor_name":"Skinfold Thickness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2086212","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2086212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of clinical nutrition","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:56385806","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2086212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2467408186","https://openalex.org/W2626114338","https://openalex.org/W2146268631","https://openalex.org/W4408649572","https://openalex.org/W2412944349","https://openalex.org/W2125553493","https://openalex.org/W1967524338","https://openalex.org/W2994746475","https://openalex.org/W1556608235","https://openalex.org/W2605932038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111,156,171,228],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,22,41,57,69,80,97,104,175,197,207,236,247],"the":[3,38,42,94,98,105,132,179,205,245],"study":[4,158],"was":[5,89,108,187,215],"to":[6,241,244],"cross-validate":[7],"three":[8,162],"different":[9,201],"methods":[10,164],"used":[11,90],"in":[12,19,34,173],"field":[13],"studies":[14],"for":[15,52,115,136],"estimating":[16],"body":[17,35,53,83,146,168,176,208,218,248],"fat":[18,54,169,177,209,219,249],"a":[20,31],"group":[21],"Danes":[23],"(n":[24,44,100],"=":[25,45,101,121,128,139,142,150,153,226],"139)":[26],"aged":[27],"35-65":[28],"years":[29],"with":[30],"wide":[32],"range":[33],"fat.":[36],"On":[37,93],"first":[39],"two-thirds":[40],"participants":[43],"93)":[46],"multiple":[47,112,133,229],"regressions":[48],"equations":[49,107,135],"were":[50],"developed":[51,106],"by":[55,67],"means":[56],"height,":[58],"weight,":[59],"sex":[60],"and":[61,63,86,123,182,185,192,252],"age":[62],"either":[64],"BMI,":[65],"or":[66,72,145],"sum":[68],"four":[70],"skinfolds":[71,137,186],"electrical":[73],"impedance.":[74],"A":[75],"four-compartment-model":[76],"based":[77],"on":[78],"measurements":[79,235],"both":[81],"total":[82],"water":[84],"(TBW)":[85],"potassium":[87],"(TBK)":[88],"as":[91],"reference.":[92],"remaining":[95],"one-third":[96],"subjects":[99],"46)":[102],"cross-validation":[103,157],"carried":[109],"out.":[110],"regression":[113,134,230],"equation":[114],"impedance":[116,222],"had":[117],"higher":[118,216],"R-square":[119],"(R2":[120,138,149],"0.89)":[122],"lower":[124],"residual":[125],"error":[126],"(SEE":[127],"3.32":[129],"kg)":[130,144,214,224],"than":[131,217],"0.81,":[140],"SEE":[141,152],"3.91":[143],"mass":[147],"index":[148],"0.85,":[151],"3.94":[154],"kg).":[155],"showed":[159,233],"that":[160,234],"all":[161],"simple":[163],"give":[165],"reliable":[166],"average":[167],"estimates.":[170],"difference":[172],"estimates":[174],"between":[178],"reference":[180],"method":[181],"impedance,":[183],"BMI":[184,212],"0.76":[188],"kg,":[189],"-0.64":[190],"kg":[191,194],"-0.21":[193],"respectively,":[195],"none":[196],"these":[198],"differences":[199],"being":[200],"from":[202,211,221],"zero.":[203],"However,":[204],"variance":[206],"estimated":[210,220],"(4.84":[213],"(4.36":[223],"(P":[225],"0.013).":[227],"analysis":[231],"further":[232],"skinfold":[237],"do":[238],"not":[239],"seem":[240],"add":[242],"significantly":[243],"prediction":[246],"if":[250],"height":[251],"weight":[253],"are":[254],"included.(ABSTRACT":[255],"TRUNCATED":[256],"AT":[257],"250":[258],"WORDS)":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}