{"id":"https://openalex.org/W562992199","doi":null,"title":"Face pose estimation in monocular images","display_name":"Face pose estimation in monocular images","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W562992199","mag":"562992199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/5894","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5894","pdf_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5894","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5894","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089274537","display_name":"Muhammad Shafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2971-3352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2971-3352"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shafi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089274537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-pose-estimation","display_name":"face pose estimation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular-images","display_name":"monocular images","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-orientation","display_name":"face orientation","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose-invariant-face-recognition","display_name":"pose-invariant face recognition","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose-variation","display_name":"pose variation","score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-hair","display_name":"facial hair","score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illumination-variation","display_name":"illumination variation","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-efficiency","display_name":"computational efficiency","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-communication","display_name":"nonverbal communication","score":0.5410000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7766191363334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7298970818519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.7200384736061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6751932501792908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.573726236820221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138591656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157538","display_name":"Computer facial animation","level":4,"score":0.4675160050392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4521680772304535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.45186665654182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.42448610067367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4106743335723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.30121129751205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.2644355297088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.25476837158203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17119213938713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.11872810125350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/5894","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5894","pdf_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5894","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/965987","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/965987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/9406847","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/Face_pose_estimation_in_monocular_images/9406847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402585","display_name":"Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:22396","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:562992199","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512105","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/5894","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5894","pdf_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5894","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W562992199.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W562992199.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490760466","https://openalex.org/W1492651331","https://openalex.org/W1530204871","https://openalex.org/W1539100311","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1598639306","https://openalex.org/W1598707800","https://openalex.org/W1713689486","https://openalex.org/W1734489760","https://openalex.org/W1829958643","https://openalex.org/W1931059338","https://openalex.org/W1948162158","https://openalex.org/W1969739082","https://openalex.org/W1974167603","https://openalex.org/W1975647954","https://openalex.org/W1982214249","https://openalex.org/W2000232016","https://openalex.org/W2006793117","https://openalex.org/W2012808318","https://openalex.org/W2029835507","https://openalex.org/W2051439328","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2064791346","https://openalex.org/W2067399876","https://openalex.org/W2079054988","https://openalex.org/W2090929998","https://openalex.org/W2095057194","https://openalex.org/W2095757522","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2102126962","https://openalex.org/W2103077980","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2114763125","https://openalex.org/W2117644365","https://openalex.org/W2120455201","https://openalex.org/W2122914103","https://openalex.org/W2127799833","https://openalex.org/W2129147241","https://openalex.org/W2131227845","https://openalex.org/W2132973481","https://openalex.org/W2133001582","https://openalex.org/W2139321745","https://openalex.org/W2141712375","https://openalex.org/W2142727917","https://openalex.org/W2145808141","https://openalex.org/W2146035711","https://openalex.org/W2149382413","https://openalex.org/W2153000018","https://openalex.org/W2153094732","https://openalex.org/W2153410050","https://openalex.org/W2154376992","https://openalex.org/W2155775419","https://openalex.org/W2156477172","https://openalex.org/W2158497138","https://openalex.org/W2163797197","https://openalex.org/W2172220459","https://openalex.org/W2532644526","https://openalex.org/W2616465717","https://openalex.org/W4256035763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097920344","https://openalex.org/W3003116116","https://openalex.org/W1994602742","https://openalex.org/W7066548273","https://openalex.org/W2613407128","https://openalex.org/W3088442780","https://openalex.org/W1835476882","https://openalex.org/W1520015347","https://openalex.org/W3088948863","https://openalex.org/W7047115683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"People":[0],"use":[1],"orientation":[2,34,165],"of":[3,25,99,132,161,173,182,190,203,221,234,264,280,286,290,299,316,337],"their":[4],"faces":[5],"to":[6,19,39,42,177,200,267,320,344],"convey":[7],"rich,":[8],"inter-personal":[9],"information.":[10],"For":[11],"example,":[12],"a":[13,31,36,49,53,97,171,179,183,187,201,232],"person":[14,54],"will":[15],"direct":[16],"his":[17],"face":[18,33,66,83,93,123,135,144,155,164,185,194,281,301,325,332],"indicate":[20],"who":[21],"the":[22,26,159,163,306],"intended":[23],"target":[24],"conversation":[27],"is.":[28],"Similarly":[29],"in":[30,73,101,128,247,254,262,310,335],"conversation,":[32],"is":[35,61,134,142,147,158,319],"non-verbal":[37],"cue":[38],"listener":[40],"when":[41],"switch":[43],"role":[44,72],"and":[45,48,116,140,225,240,260,273,294,322,342],"start":[46],"speaking,":[47],"nod":[50],"indicates":[51],"that":[52,141,329],"has":[55,95,113,230],"understands,":[56],"or":[57],"agrees":[58],"with,":[59],"what":[60],"being":[62,270],"said.":[63],"Further":[64],"more,":[65],"pose":[67,145,156,195,228,251,302,326,333],"estimation":[68,146,157,229,252,303,327,334],"plays":[69],"an":[70,149],"important":[71,150],"human-computer":[74],"interaction,":[75],"virtual":[76],"reality":[77],"applications,":[78],"human":[79,184],"behaviour":[80],"analysis,":[81],"pose-independent":[82],"recognition,":[84,124],"driver":[85],"s":[86],"vigilance":[87],"assessment,":[88],"gaze":[89],"estimation,":[90],"etc.":[91,296],"Robust":[92],"recognition":[94,136],"been":[96,114,120,231,245],"focus":[98,233,315],"research":[100,112,151,235,242,307,318],"computer":[102,153],"vision":[103],"community":[104],"for":[105,122,236],"more":[106],"than":[107],"two":[108,238],"decades.":[109],"Although":[110],"substantial":[111],"done":[115],"numerous":[117,241],"methods":[118],"have":[119,244,256],"proposed":[121],"there":[125],"remain":[126],"challenges":[127],"this":[129,248,311,317],"field.":[130,249],"One":[131],"these":[133],"under":[137],"varying":[138],"poses":[139],"why":[143],"still":[148,257],"area.\\nIn":[152],"vision,":[154],"process":[160],"inferring":[162],"from":[166],"digital":[167],"imagery.":[168],"It":[169],"requires":[170],"serious":[172],"image":[174,276],"processing":[175,338],"steps":[176],"transform":[178],"pixel-based":[180],"representation":[181],"into":[186],"high-level":[188],"concept":[189],"direction.":[191],"An":[192],"ideal":[193],"estimator":[196],"should":[197],"be":[198],"invariant":[199],"variety":[202],"image-changing":[204],"factors":[205],"such":[206],"as":[207],"camera":[208],"distortion,":[209],"lighting":[210,274],"condition,":[211],"skin":[212],"colour,":[213],"projective":[214],"geometry,":[215],"facial":[216,218,287],"hairs,":[217,288],"expressions,":[219],"presence":[220,285,289],"accessories":[222,291],"like":[223,292],"glasses":[224,293],"hats,":[226,295],"etc.\\nFace":[227],"about":[237],"decades":[239],"contributions":[243],"presented":[246,309],"Face":[250],"techniques":[253,304],"literature":[255],"some":[258],"shortcomings":[259,298],"limitations":[261],"terms":[263,336],"accuracy,":[265],"applicability":[266],"monocular":[268],"images,":[269],"autonomous,":[271],"identity":[272],"variations,":[275,278],"resolution":[277],"range":[279],"motion,":[282],"computational":[283,340],"expense,":[284,341],"These":[297],"existing":[300],"motivated":[305],"work":[308],"thesis.":[312],"The":[313],"main":[314],"design":[321],"develop":[323],"novel":[324],"algorithms":[328],"improve":[330],"automatic":[331],"time,":[339],"invariance":[343],"different":[345],"conditions.":[346]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
