{"id":"https://openalex.org/W56187041","doi":null,"title":"Coal conversion with nondonor solvents: comparison with process solvents","display_name":"Coal conversion with nondonor solvents: comparison with process solvents","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W56187041","mag":"56187041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:56187041","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6933706-coal-conversion-nondonor-solvents-comparison-process-solvents","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113776074","display_name":"Robert L. Jolley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.L. Jolley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012133003","display_name":"Billy R. Rodgers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.R. Rodgers","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111855847","display_name":"B.M. Benjamin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.M. Benjamin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078746930","display_name":"Emily C. Douglas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily C. Douglas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004241057","display_name":"David A. McWhirter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. McWhirter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05235602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11284","display_name":"Coal Properties and Utilization","score":0.7318999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11284","display_name":"Coal Properties and Utilization","score":0.7318999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14428","display_name":"Coal and Coke Industries Research","score":0.09830000251531601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11351","display_name":"Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies","score":0.07699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-liquefaction","display_name":"coal liquefaction","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1-naphthol","display_name":"1-naphthol","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quinoline","display_name":"quinoline","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naphthalene","display_name":"naphthalene","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenanthrene","display_name":"phenanthrene","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrene","display_name":"pyrene","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbazole","display_name":"carbazole","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenanthridine","display_name":"phenanthridine","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenols","display_name":"phenols","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diphenyl-ether","display_name":"diphenyl ether","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-donors","display_name":"hydrogen donors","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvent-comparison","display_name":"solvent comparison","score":0.3370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7837420701980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776309666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408384","display_name":"Quinoline","level":2,"score":0.6675560474395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779255514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179724","display_name":"Naphthalene","level":2,"score":0.645808219909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776891815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422037","display_name":"Phenanthrene","level":2,"score":0.6237488985061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776127813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424003","display_name":"Carbazole","level":2,"score":0.6109541058540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778951431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415723","display_name":"Pyrene","level":2,"score":0.592717707157135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778092639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419453","display_name":"Diphenyl ether","level":2,"score":0.5857011079788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780185047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q400082","display_name":"Phenanthridine","level":2,"score":0.5573232769966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779563022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422152","display_name":"Anthracene","level":2,"score":0.5088975429534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780471494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146505","display_name":"Solvent","level":2,"score":0.4989020824432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.480411559343338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777702071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130336","display_name":"Phenol","level":2,"score":0.42783111333847046}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:56187041","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6933706-coal-conversion-nondonor-solvents-comparison-process-solvents","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W167314538","https://openalex.org/W10387210","https://openalex.org/W2035537662","https://openalex.org/W2055366095","https://openalex.org/W3034390328","https://openalex.org/W2023168813","https://openalex.org/W1986610907","https://openalex.org/W1495728374","https://openalex.org/W2041323490","https://openalex.org/W3155255468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coal":[0],"liquefaction":[1],"yields":[2],"were":[3,145],"determined":[4],"for":[5,37,125],"1-naphthanol,":[6],"quinoline,":[7,62],"naphthalene,":[8,63,136],"phenanthridine,":[9,64,139],"phenol,":[10,66,141],"phenanthrene,":[11,65,137],"carbazole,":[12,67,140],"pyrene,":[13,68,138],"and":[14,25,56,69,111,142,164],"diphenyl":[15,70,143],"ether":[16,144],"using":[17],"tubing-bomb":[18],"tests.":[19],"Comparisons":[20],"are":[21],"made":[22],"with":[23],"SRC":[24],"ITSL":[26,113],"process":[27,106],"solvents.":[28],"The":[29,72,149],"relative":[30],"effectiveness":[31],"of":[32,74,153,168],"selected":[33],"pure":[34,86,128,135],"nondonor":[35,87],"solvents":[36],"converting":[38,98],"Kentucky":[39],"No.":[40],"9":[41],"coal":[42,99],"(Fies":[43],"mine)":[44],"to":[45,79,100,121,132,159,162],"pyridine-soluble":[46,101],"products":[47],"at":[48,97],"427/sup":[49],"0/C":[50],"(800/sup":[51],"0/F),":[52],"10-min":[53],"reaction":[54],"time,":[55],"1.5":[57],"solvent-to-coal":[58],"ratio":[59],"was:":[60],"1-naphthol,":[61],"ether.":[71],"range":[73],"conversions":[75],"varied":[76],"from":[77],"78%":[78],"32%.":[80],"Without":[81],"supplemental":[82],"hydrogen,":[83,169],"among":[84],"the":[85,165],"compounds":[88],"studied":[89],"only":[90,146],"1-naphthol":[91,119,154],"(78%":[92],"conversion)":[93],"was":[94,130],"as":[95,103,174],"effective":[96,124],"material":[102],"two":[104],"high-quality":[105],"solvents,":[107],"Wilsonville":[108],"SRC-I":[109],"(61%)":[110],"Lummus":[112],"heavy":[114],"oil":[115],"solvent":[116],"(82%).":[117],"Pure":[118],"appears":[120],"be":[122,156],"highly":[123,133],"solubilizing":[126],"coal;":[127],"quinoline":[129],"moderately":[131,147],"effective;":[134],"effective.":[148],"high":[150],"conversion":[151],"efficacy":[152],"may":[155,172],"partially":[157],"attributable":[158],"its":[160],"condensation":[161],"binaphthol":[163],"resulting":[166],"availability":[167],"i.e.,":[170],"it":[171],"act":[173],"a":[175],"limited":[176],"hydrogen":[177],"donor.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}