{"id":"https://openalex.org/W560164516","doi":null,"title":"NET COSTS OF PEAK AND OFFPEAK TRANSIT TRIPS TAKEN NATIONWIDE BY MODE","display_name":"NET COSTS OF PEAK AND OFFPEAK TRANSIT TRIPS TAKEN NATIONWIDE BY MODE","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W560164516","mag":"560164516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:560164516","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/348964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058586256","display_name":"Poh Ser Hsu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poh Ser Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061888310","display_name":"Thomas E Parody","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas E Parody","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086314249","display_name":"Mary E. Lovely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3150-6659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3150-6659"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary E. Lovely","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3150-6659","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0657277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"1266","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13439","display_name":"Transport and Economic Policies","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12725","display_name":"transportation and logistics systems","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-period-travel","display_name":"peak period travel","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bus-transit","display_name":"bus transit","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commuter-rail","display_name":"commuter rail","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operation-and-maintenance-costs","display_name":"operation and maintenance costs","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-costs","display_name":"capital costs","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passenger-revenue","display_name":"passenger revenue","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-allocation","display_name":"cost allocation","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue-distribution","display_name":"revenue distribution","score":0.8320000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157085824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384809","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","level":2,"score":0.7328172326087952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.7228773236274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186379835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253276","display_name":"Mile","level":2,"score":0.6641287803649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651136","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","level":3,"score":0.6231726408004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5711581707000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157062255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035697","display_name":"Capital cost","level":2,"score":0.4851723313331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.3714371919631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3184303045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30303385853767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21274513006210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20939767360687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.20742550492286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:560164516","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/348964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7250000238418579}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W379197628","https://openalex.org/W567109239","https://openalex.org/W585759569","https://openalex.org/W595333360","https://openalex.org/W1485688285","https://openalex.org/W2067492572","https://openalex.org/W2240733822","https://openalex.org/W2247050034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2247050034","https://openalex.org/W4286470834","https://openalex.org/W2101700504","https://openalex.org/W3124154399","https://openalex.org/W600117945","https://openalex.org/W1532197921","https://openalex.org/W2087356403","https://openalex.org/W2127943310","https://openalex.org/W585573636","https://openalex.org/W595333360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estimates":[0],"are":[1,39,172,179,197],"made":[2],"of":[3,7,33,44,139,157,181,207,219],"the":[4,23,42,116,126,146,166,176,210],"net":[5,70,107,118,188,213],"costs":[6,38,53,71,108,189,194,214],"trips":[8,90,110,206],"taken":[9,91,111,124,144],"during":[10,92,112,129,190],"peak":[11,93,127,167],"and":[12,18,28,47,50,59,63,81,195,217],"offpeak":[13,113],"periods":[14],"on":[15,96,199],"bus,":[16,79],"subway,":[17,80],"commuter":[19,82],"rail":[20,83],"systems":[21,77],"in":[22,125,145,175,186,212],"United":[24],"States,":[25],"both":[26],"separately":[27],"averaged":[29],"over":[30],"all":[31],"three":[32],"these":[34],"transit":[35,76,89,122,158],"modes.":[36],"Net":[37],"defined":[40],"as":[41],"sum":[43],"annual":[45],"operating":[46],"maintenance":[48],"expenses":[49,160],"annualized":[51],"capital":[52,159],"minus":[54],"passenger":[55,170],"revenues.":[56],"Various":[57],"cost":[58,119],"revenue":[60],"allocation":[61],"factors":[62],"related":[64],"assumptions":[65],"were":[66],"used":[67],"to":[68,163,184],"estimate":[69,138],"using":[72],"actual":[73],"data":[74],"for":[75,120,141,165,205],"providing":[78,164],"service.":[84],"The":[85],"results":[86],"indicate":[87],"that":[88],"periods,":[94],"expressed":[95,198],"either":[97],"a":[98,101,121,142,153,200],"per-trip":[99],"or":[100],"per-passenger-mile":[102,201],"basis,":[103,202],"have":[104],"consistently":[105],"higher":[106,155],"than":[109],"periods.":[114,168],"Nationwide,":[115],"average":[117],"trip":[123,143],"period":[128],"1983":[130],"is":[131,161,221],"estimated":[132],"at":[133],"$1.74,":[134],"compared":[135],"with":[136],"an":[137],"$1.20":[140],"offpeak.":[147],"This":[148],"difference":[149],"occurs":[150],"primarily":[151],"because":[152],"relatively":[154],"proportion":[156],"attributable":[162],"Although":[169],"revenues":[171,196],"proportionally":[173],"high":[174],"peak,":[177],"they":[178],"not":[180],"sufficient":[182],"magnitude":[183],"result":[185],"lower":[187],"this":[191],"period.":[192],"When":[193],"which":[203],"normalizes":[204],"different":[208],"lengths,":[209],"disparity":[211],"by":[215],"mode":[216],"time":[218],"day":[220],"reduced.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
