{"id":"https://openalex.org/W5534065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-004-0180-z","title":"The application of Weibull statistics to the strength of railway ballast","display_name":"The application of Weibull statistics to the strength of railway ballast","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W5534065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-004-0180-z","mag":"5534065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10035-004-0180-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-004-0180-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-004-0180-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192049192","display_name":"Granular Matter","issn_l":"1434-5021","issn":["1434-5021","1434-7636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Granular Matter","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111366344","display_name":"Wee Loon Lim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wee L. Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK","Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088921311","display_name":"Glenn R McDowell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-3005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-3005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glenn R. McDowell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK","Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111611486","display_name":"Andrew C. Collop","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew C. Collop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Centre for Pavement Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Centre for Pavement Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":174,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98020305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"229","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10396","display_name":"Fatigue and fracture mechanics","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/railway-ballast","display_name":"railway ballast","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weibull-distribution","display_name":"Weibull distribution","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-strength","display_name":"tensile strength","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/size-effect","display_name":"size effect","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-fracture","display_name":"surface fracture","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-size-fractions","display_name":"particle size fractions","score":0.4269999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173291955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732332","display_name":"Weibull distribution","level":2,"score":0.9588042497634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125907379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4851537","display_name":"Ballast","level":2,"score":0.8836125731468201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130630143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7979803","display_name":"Weibull modulus","level":3,"score":0.6554245352745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.575239896774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.550229549407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5033325552940369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.49307915568351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3291252851486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2161656618118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.20162662863731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1791536509990692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1645926535129547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10035-004-0180-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-004-0180-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-004-0180-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192049192","display_name":"Granular Matter","issn_l":"1434-5021","issn":["1434-5021","1434-7636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Granular Matter","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora.dmu.ac.uk:2086/6665","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2086/6665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400394","display_name":"DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","host_organization_name":"De Montfort University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W627326487","https://openalex.org/W1990893025","https://openalex.org/W2022832893","https://openalex.org/W2028394568","https://openalex.org/W2065490452","https://openalex.org/W2068523511","https://openalex.org/W2136062968","https://openalex.org/W2139445018","https://openalex.org/W6675685866","https://openalex.org/W6725358060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993799599","https://openalex.org/W4389086529","https://openalex.org/W2068523511","https://openalex.org/W2066167564","https://openalex.org/W2079597897","https://openalex.org/W1191548572","https://openalex.org/W2271638319","https://openalex.org/W2058882172","https://openalex.org/W165089226","https://openalex.org/W7155076862"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
