{"id":"https://openalex.org/W55117888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461202200607","title":"High-Stakes Decisions: The Legal Landscape of High School Exit Exams and the Implications for Schools and Leaders","display_name":"High-Stakes Decisions: The Legal Landscape of High School Exit Exams and the Implications for Schools and Leaders","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W55117888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461202200607","mag":"55117888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/105268461202200607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461202200607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461202200607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209161","display_name":"Journal of School Leadership","issn_l":"1052-6846","issn":["1052-6846","2631-9659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of School Leadership","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057172910","display_name":"Jennifer Jellison Holme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-899X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-899X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Jellison Holme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Administration, University of Texas at Austin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Administration, University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021649008","display_name":"Julian Vasquez Heilig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-1669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-1669"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Vasquez Heilig","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin","University of Texas at Austin#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057172910"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96502933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"1177","last_page":"1197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.04360000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13564","display_name":"Education and Public Policy","score":0.01600000075995922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-school-exit-exams","display_name":"high school exit exams","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-stakes-testing","display_name":"high-stakes testing","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-legislation","display_name":"education legislation","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-cases","display_name":"court cases","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-education-policy","display_name":"state education policy","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-leadership","display_name":"school leadership","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-students","display_name":"low-income students","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/students-of-color","display_name":"students of color","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-equity","display_name":"educational equity","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testing-policy","display_name":"testing policy","score":0.34200000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.7279621958732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6541565656661987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5515267848968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019808023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"State policy","level":3,"score":0.47723081707954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.4562903046607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3969508707523346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2154906690120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.19347426295280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07498881220817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/105268461202200607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461202200607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461202200607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209161","display_name":"Journal of School Leadership","issn_l":"1052-6846","issn":["1052-6846","2631-9659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of School Leadership","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5385000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W241034866","https://openalex.org/W326204697","https://openalex.org/W588374872","https://openalex.org/W658397088","https://openalex.org/W1481813919","https://openalex.org/W1514555319","https://openalex.org/W1526294187","https://openalex.org/W1545256310","https://openalex.org/W1604309978","https://openalex.org/W1970017925","https://openalex.org/W1981946779","https://openalex.org/W1989863152","https://openalex.org/W2000572450","https://openalex.org/W2017259658","https://openalex.org/W2047569071","https://openalex.org/W2052055761","https://openalex.org/W2052331065","https://openalex.org/W2053679428","https://openalex.org/W2106117573","https://openalex.org/W2120158905","https://openalex.org/W2129131838","https://openalex.org/W2129202370","https://openalex.org/W2136427938","https://openalex.org/W2154240172","https://openalex.org/W2156660615","https://openalex.org/W2160607124","https://openalex.org/W2460924835","https://openalex.org/W2504140994","https://openalex.org/W2516036333","https://openalex.org/W2793700415","https://openalex.org/W2889784304","https://openalex.org/W3117813718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2278218274","https://openalex.org/W7097734057","https://openalex.org/W34538339","https://openalex.org/W125789831","https://openalex.org/W1569902486","https://openalex.org/W75558889","https://openalex.org/W2602012721","https://openalex.org/W7095247487","https://openalex.org/W3043672028","https://openalex.org/W7100568295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"school":[1,42],"exit":[2,28,60,92,102],"exam":[3],"requirements":[4],"are":[5],"affecting":[6],"a":[7],"growing":[8],"number":[9],"of":[10,17,27,36,100],"U.S.":[11],"students\u2014particularly":[12],"low-income":[13],"students":[14,16],"and":[15,24,54,62,71,81,104],"color.":[18],"This":[19],"article":[20,50,96],"examines":[21,63],"the":[22,37,64,78],"policy":[23,30,105],"legal":[25,80],"landscape":[26],"testing":[29,61,93,103],"to":[31,59,89,91],"shed":[32],"light":[33],"on":[34],"some":[35],"key":[38],"issues":[39],"facing":[40],"local":[41,108],"leaders":[43,109],"charged":[44],"with":[45,98],"implementing":[46],"these":[47],"policies.":[48],"The":[49,95],"first":[51],"analyzes":[52],"federal":[53],"state":[55,113],"court":[56],"cases":[57],"related":[58],"conditions":[65],"under":[66],"which":[67],"courts":[68],"have":[69],"permitted":[70],"bounded":[72],"their":[73],"use.":[74],"It":[75],"then":[76],"discuses":[77],"broader":[79],"legislative":[82],"environment":[83],"that":[84],"has":[85],"affected":[86],"leaders\u2019":[87],"ability":[88],"respond":[90],"requirements.":[94],"concludes":[97],"implications":[99],"high-stakes":[101],"considerations":[106],"for":[107],"as":[110,112],"well":[111],"policymakers.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}