{"id":"https://openalex.org/W54307685","doi":null,"title":"When Workers Share in Profits: Efforts and Responses to Shirking","display_name":"When Workers Share in Profits: Efforts and Responses to Shirking","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W54307685","mag":"54307685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:54307685","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp0882.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051656604","display_name":"Richard Barry Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-8117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-8117","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0738-5893","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4056-7426","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5354-5838","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-0468"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard B. Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0738-5893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051656604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12121","display_name":"Cooperative Studies and Economics","score":0.7226999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12121","display_name":"Cooperative Studies and Economics","score":0.7226999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.1340000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.04820000007748604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-capitalism","display_name":"shared capitalism","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-bonuses","display_name":"employee bonuses","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shirking","display_name":"shirking","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-rider-problem","display_name":"free-rider problem","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-monitoring","display_name":"co-monitoring","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pay-for-performance","display_name":"performance-based pay","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/worker-effort","display_name":"worker effort","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-performance","display_name":"firm performance","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514928085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206","display_name":"Capitalism","level":3,"score":0.7181017994880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.6619444489479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.6521568298339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777661119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419726","display_name":"Profit sharing","level":2,"score":0.6423330307006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5976546406745911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5430667996406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5018692016601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40761294960975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.14606010913848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.12349233031272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:54307685","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp0882.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130681968","https://openalex.org/W581190171","https://openalex.org/W1485603763","https://openalex.org/W1512215424","https://openalex.org/W1541324150","https://openalex.org/W1581036665","https://openalex.org/W1963661304","https://openalex.org/W1994807490","https://openalex.org/W2044270000","https://openalex.org/W2053720587","https://openalex.org/W2058248045","https://openalex.org/W2082661096","https://openalex.org/W2100002557","https://openalex.org/W2113961386","https://openalex.org/W2157125979","https://openalex.org/W2252491577","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2768978272","https://openalex.org/W3121142520","https://openalex.org/W3121344639","https://openalex.org/W3122125999","https://openalex.org/W3122867100","https://openalex.org/W3124831524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560658458","https://openalex.org/W7100948496","https://openalex.org/W628129840","https://openalex.org/W3124593879","https://openalex.org/W1554998448","https://openalex.org/W7095306032","https://openalex.org/W3125813752","https://openalex.org/W1583902527","https://openalex.org/W7039642089","https://openalex.org/W1571445193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"summarizes":[2],"new":[3],"evidence":[4,45],"from":[5],"the":[6,11,19,28,36,95,108],"\u201cShared":[7],"Capitalism\u201d":[8],"Project":[9],"on":[10,18,35,41,107],"extent":[12],"to":[13],"which":[14],"workers\u2019":[15],"earnings":[16],"depend":[17],"performance":[20],"of":[21,38,54,68,103,112],"their":[22],"firm":[23],"or":[24,65],"work":[25,84],"group":[26],"in":[27],"US":[29],"and":[30,34,51,74,85,88,110],"advanced":[31],"European":[32],"countries":[33],"impact":[37],"sharing":[39],"arrangements":[40],"economic":[42],"behavior.":[43],"The":[44],"shows":[46],"that:":[47],"1)":[48],"a":[49],"large":[50],"growing":[52],"proportion":[53],"workers":[55,73,104],"are":[56,76],"covered":[57],"by":[58],"shared":[59,79],"capitalism":[60,80],"through":[61],"worker":[62,66,91],"profit-sharing,":[63],"bonuses,":[64],"ownership":[67],"shares;":[69],"2)":[70],"outcomes":[71],"for":[72],"firms":[75],"higher":[77],"under":[78,82],"than":[81],"other":[83],"pay":[86,105],"arrangements;":[87],"3)":[89],"that":[90,99],"co-monitoring":[92],"helps":[93],"overcome":[94],"free":[96],"rider":[97],"problem":[98],"arises":[100],"when":[101],"part":[102],"depends":[106],"productivity":[109],"effort":[111],"all":[113],"workers.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
