{"id":"https://openalex.org/W54030234","doi":null,"title":"Clergy Apologies Following Abuse: What Makes A Difference? Exploring Forgiveness, Apology, Responsibility-Taking, Gender, and Restoration","display_name":"Clergy Apologies Following Abuse: What Makes A Difference? Exploring Forgiveness, Apology, Responsibility-Taking, Gender, and Restoration","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W54030234","mag":"54030234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:54030234","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-1492493391/clergy-apologies-following-abuse-what-makes-a-difference","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172367551","display_name":"The Journal of psychology and Christianity","issn_l":"0733-4273","issn":["0733-4273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322188","host_organization_name":"Christian Association for Psychological Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322188"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Christian Association for Psychological Studies"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0098The \u009cJournal of psychology and Christianity","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065339547","display_name":"Eloise K. Thomas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802678583","display_name":"Ozarks Technical Community College","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8sc244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802678583"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eloise K. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ozarks Technical Community College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ozarks Technical Community College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802678583"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046659698","display_name":"Kelley Mayer White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-0183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-0183"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelley Mayer White","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-0183","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028655476","display_name":"Geoffrey W. Sutton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2684-2882","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2684-2882"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey W. Sutton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2684-2882","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79067504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"16","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12551","display_name":"Forgiveness and Related Behaviors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12551","display_name":"Forgiveness and Related Behaviors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14342","display_name":"Military, Security, and Education Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clergy-sexual-abuse","display_name":"clergy sexual abuse","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgiveness","display_name":"forgiveness","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apology","display_name":"apology","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taking-responsibility","display_name":"responsibility taking","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restoration","display_name":"restoration","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confession-of-guilt","display_name":"admission of guilt","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excuse-making","display_name":"excuse-making","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restitution","display_name":"restitution","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/church-members","display_name":"church members","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-boundaries","display_name":"sexual boundaries","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victim-blaming","display_name":"victim blaming","score":0.9660000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778731027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537963","display_name":"Forgiveness","level":2,"score":0.9708088636398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7775168418884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.561061441898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777998198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552754","display_name":"Excuse","level":2,"score":0.5499297976493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.33651798963546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18741169571876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:54030234","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-1492493391/clergy-apologies-following-abuse-what-makes-a-difference","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172367551","display_name":"The Journal of psychology and Christianity","issn_l":"0733-4273","issn":["0733-4273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322188","host_organization_name":"Christian Association for Psychological Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322188"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Christian Association for Psychological Studies"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0098The \u009cJournal of psychology and Christianity","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6233918","https://openalex.org/W156278523","https://openalex.org/W1518839662","https://openalex.org/W1701983757","https://openalex.org/W1927085949","https://openalex.org/W1965872616","https://openalex.org/W1966646288","https://openalex.org/W1966890541","https://openalex.org/W1972280869","https://openalex.org/W1973222194","https://openalex.org/W1976506129","https://openalex.org/W1979644653","https://openalex.org/W1980848455","https://openalex.org/W1985123862","https://openalex.org/W2001084254","https://openalex.org/W2001484302","https://openalex.org/W2001782006","https://openalex.org/W2017358228","https://openalex.org/W2023995848","https://openalex.org/W2029504563","https://openalex.org/W2031106053","https://openalex.org/W2032826262","https://openalex.org/W2046242898","https://openalex.org/W2048747927","https://openalex.org/W2053699864","https://openalex.org/W2062420598","https://openalex.org/W2062653062","https://openalex.org/W2076818464","https://openalex.org/W2078793819","https://openalex.org/W2079585209","https://openalex.org/W2082758365","https://openalex.org/W2085837026","https://openalex.org/W2089362650","https://openalex.org/W2090626977","https://openalex.org/W2090787668","https://openalex.org/W2093652898","https://openalex.org/W2095390202","https://openalex.org/W2101509383","https://openalex.org/W2106836003","https://openalex.org/W2119174164","https://openalex.org/W2125118816","https://openalex.org/W2126241030","https://openalex.org/W2140977832","https://openalex.org/W2156025021","https://openalex.org/W2163877263","https://openalex.org/W2164742188","https://openalex.org/W2167633897","https://openalex.org/W2168160449","https://openalex.org/W2169493510","https://openalex.org/W2246176397","https://openalex.org/W2981593250","https://openalex.org/W3023063932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966646288","https://openalex.org/W2083229140","https://openalex.org/W1987773472","https://openalex.org/W2793269723","https://openalex.org/W145814536","https://openalex.org/W140146377","https://openalex.org/W3145679414","https://openalex.org/W4404621394","https://openalex.org/W2097008194","https://openalex.org/W1976506129"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,106],"examined":[1,58],"the":[2,59,115,124,210,230,273,280,292,313,333,389,407,420,452,558,562,569],"effects":[3],"of":[4,33,46,61,64,67,76,85,97,126,212,216,282,294,312,318,378,419,454,540,586],"apology":[5,65,285],"and":[6,41,70,92,112,150,167,176,179,206,234,245,257,284,287,310,363,370,376,391,394,509,544,546,613],"gender":[7,235,283,362],"on":[8,79,123,361],"willingness":[9],"to":[10,196,255,291,296,345,349,564,568],"forgive":[11,297],"or":[12,214,298,592,596],"restore":[13,299],"clergy":[14,256,321,344,428,448],"following":[15],"a":[16,34,47,86,98,300,307,382,385,398,402,415,430,497,511,536],"sexual":[17,304,316,340,403,424,438,491,527],"offense.":[18],"In":[19,54,114,188,272,358,516],"Study":[20,55],"1,":[21],"men":[22,93],"were":[23,30,43,82,94],"more":[24,31,44,83,95,416,432,537],"restoring":[25],"than":[26,446],"women":[27,42],"were.":[28],"Men":[29],"forgiving":[32,45,84,96],"female":[35],"pastor":[36,49,88,100,383,399],"who":[37,50,89,101,302,400,574],"did":[38,51,102],"not":[39,52,103],"apologize,":[40],"male":[48,87,99],"apologize.":[53],"2,":[56],"we":[57,277],"effect":[60],"three":[62],"features":[63],"(admission":[66],"guilt,":[68],"excuse-making,":[69],"responsibility-taking),":[71],"as":[72,74,252],"well":[73],"influence":[75],"participant":[77],"gender,":[78],"forgiveness.":[80],"Women":[81],"took":[90],"responsibility,":[91],"take":[104],"responsibility.":[105],"concluded":[107],"with":[108,306,384,615],"suggestions":[109],"for":[110,414,519,535,572],"research":[111,119,227,247,433],"practice.":[113],"recent":[116],"past,":[117],"much":[118],"has":[120,434],"been":[121,435,576],"conducted":[122,436],"topic":[125],"forgiveness":[127,149,166,178,193,233],"(Karremans,":[128],"Van":[129],"Lange,":[130],"Ouwerkerk,":[131],"&":[132,137,154,158,172,183,199,203,219,223,238,242,260,265,269,327,355,411,464,470,474,481,487,501,506,532,603,618],"Kluwer,":[133],"2003;":[134,139],"McCullough,":[135],"Fincham,":[136],"Tsang,":[138],"Mullet":[140],"et":[141,162],"al.,":[142,163],"2003).":[143],"Researchers":[144],"have":[145,191,338,461,561,575],"found":[146,339,373],"relationships":[147,181],"between":[148,165,177,232,374,392],"mental":[151,441,520],"health":[152,169,442,521],"(Coyle":[153],"Enright,":[155,159],"1997;":[156,160,185,472],"Freedman":[157],"Konstam":[161],"2000),":[164],"physical":[168],"(Witvliet,":[170],"Ludwig,":[171],"Vander":[173],"Laan,":[174],"2001),":[175],"healthy":[180],"(Boon":[182],"Sulsky,":[184],"Worthington,":[186],"1998).":[187,357],"addition,":[189],"researchers":[190,337],"studied":[192],"in":[194,209,406,458,493,557],"response":[195],"apologies":[197],"(Bennett":[198],"Earwalker,":[200],"1994;":[201],"Ziechmeister":[202,222],"Romero,":[204,224],"2002)":[205],"responsibility-taking,":[207],"usually":[208],"form":[211],"restitution":[213],"offers":[215],"compensation":[217],"(Schoener":[218],"Gonsiorek,":[220],"1988;":[221,353],"2002).":[225],"Some":[226],"exists":[228,248],"concerning":[229,249,437,549],"relationship":[231,281,492],"(Konstam,":[236],"Chernoff,":[237],"Deveney,":[239],"2001;":[240],"Ryan":[241],"Kumar,":[243],"2005),":[244],"limited":[246],"these":[250],"variables":[251],"they":[253],"relate":[254],"congregants":[258,295,319],"(Hopkins":[259],"Laaser,":[261],"1995;":[262,329],"Pop,":[263],"Sutton,":[264,365,484],"Jones,":[266],"2008;":[267],"Sutton":[268,410,531],"Thomas,":[270,412,533],"2005a).":[271],"present":[274],"two":[275,335,359],"studies,":[276],"looked":[278],"at":[279],"(presence":[286],"type),":[288],"including":[289,523],"responsibility-taking":[290],"ability":[293],"minister":[301],"violated":[303,577],"boundaries":[305],"congregant.":[308],"Extent":[309],"Impact":[311],"Problem":[314],"Clearly,":[315],"abuse":[317],"by":[320,343,427,440,447,456,555,579],"is":[322,496],"an":[323],"ongoing":[324],"problem":[325,386,404],"(Francis":[326],"Turner,":[328],"Hadman-Cromwell,":[330],"1991).":[331,515],"Over":[332],"last":[334],"decades,":[336],"boundary":[341,425,498,528,553],"violations":[342,426,529,554],"range":[346],"from":[347],"12%":[348],"15%":[350],"(How":[351],"common,":[352],"Thoburn":[354],"Balswick,":[356],"studies":[360],"forgiveness,":[364],"McLeland,":[366],"Weaks,":[367],"Cogs":[368],"well,":[369],"Miphouvieng":[371],"(2007)":[372],"29%":[375],"37%":[377],"participants":[379],"reported":[380,396],"knowing":[381,397],"that":[387],"affected":[388],"ministry,":[390],"20%":[393],"27%":[395],"had":[401],"while":[405],"ministry.":[408],"(See":[409,530],"2005a,":[413,534],"comprehensive":[417],"review":[418,539],"problem.)":[421],"Even":[422],"though":[423],"are":[429],"problem,":[431],"offenses":[439,455],"workers":[443],"towards":[444],"clients":[445,573],"against":[449],"congregants;":[450],"furthermore,":[451],"results":[453],"professionals":[457],"both":[459],"groups":[460],"similarities":[462],"(Bajt":[463],"Pope,":[465,477],"1989;":[466],"Haspel,":[467],"Jorgensen,":[468],"Wincze,":[469],"Parsons,":[471],"Lamb":[473],"Catanzaro,":[475,502,505],"1998;":[476,503],"1987;":[478],"Rodolfa,":[479],"Kitzrow,":[480],"Vohra,":[482],"1990;":[483],"Washburn,":[485],"Comtois,":[486],"Moeckel,":[488],"2000).":[489],"A":[490],"either":[494],"situation":[495],"violation":[499],"(Lamb":[500],"Lamb,":[504],"Moorman,":[507],"2003)":[508],"involves":[510],"power":[512],"differential":[513],"(Hadman-Cromwell,":[514],"fact,":[517],"ethics":[518,542],"professionals,":[522],"pastoral":[524],"counselors,":[525],"prohibit":[526],"detailed":[538],"professional":[541],"codes":[543],"criminal":[545],"civil":[547],"statutes":[548],"this":[550],"topic.)":[551],"Sexual":[552],"those":[556],"helping":[559],"fields":[560],"potential":[563],"cause":[565],"great":[566],"harm":[567],"victims.":[570],"Symptoms":[571],"sexually":[578],"their":[580],"therapists":[581],"can":[582],"include":[583],"depression,":[584],"loss":[585],"motivation,":[587],"interpersonal":[588],"difficulties,":[589],"suicidal":[590],"ideation":[591],"behavior,":[593],"increased":[594],"drug":[595],"alcohol":[597],"use,":[598],"(Bouhoutsos,":[599],"Holroyd,":[600],"Lerman,":[601],"Forer,":[602],"Greenberg,":[604],"1983),":[605],"emotional":[606],"turmoil,":[607],"isolation,":[608],"self-blame,":[609],"rage,":[610],"fear,":[611],"shame,":[612],"problems":[614],"trust":[616],"(Disch":[617],"Avery,":[619],"2001).":[620],"\u2026":[621]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}