{"id":"https://openalex.org/W5360328","doi":null,"title":"Auditing the UMLS for redundant classifications.","display_name":"Auditing the UMLS for redundant classifications.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W5360328","mag":"5360328","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12463896","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2244162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2244162","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2244162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc AMIA Symp","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2244162","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106940460","display_name":"Yi Ru Peng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["CS Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CS Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040065844","display_name":"Michael H Halper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-0069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-0069"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael H Halper","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077648725","display_name":"Yehoshua Perl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-9386","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-9386"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yehoshua Perl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070654032","display_name":"James Geller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-525X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-525X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Geller","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67738518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"612","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14330","display_name":"Library Science and Information Systems","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/umls","display_name":"UMLS","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metathesaurus","display_name":"Metathesaurus","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-networks","display_name":"semantic networks","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-types","display_name":"semantic types","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/is-a-hierarchy","display_name":"is-a hierarchy","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-classification","display_name":"concept classification","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-terminology","display_name":"medical terminology","score":0.33899998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.9376709461212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7757836580276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5728863477706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5039398074150085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4962969422340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.4887540340423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4601495862007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4554654061794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38526061177253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15160903334617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013358","descriptor_name":"Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2244162","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2244162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc AMIA Symp","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:12463896","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12463896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. AMIA Symposium","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.652.5298","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.652.5298","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244162/pdf/procamiasymp00001-0653.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:5360328","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12463896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2244162","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2244162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc AMIA Symp","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101651648","https://openalex.org/W138612281","https://openalex.org/W157320947","https://openalex.org/W1500388473","https://openalex.org/W1579458125","https://openalex.org/W1822004795","https://openalex.org/W2135240301","https://openalex.org/W2162311237","https://openalex.org/W2270018644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W120661896","https://openalex.org/W2049998732","https://openalex.org/W207212328","https://openalex.org/W1822004795","https://openalex.org/W2393359721","https://openalex.org/W2087361167","https://openalex.org/W2081888868","https://openalex.org/W1519436992","https://openalex.org/W2122700838","https://openalex.org/W2103765788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,116],"UMLS's":[1],"Semantic":[2],"Network":[3],"(SN)":[4],"serves":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,23,131],"valuable":[8],"abstraction":[9],"for":[10,26,133,151],"the":[11,16,20,27,32,44,49,52,61,67,81,89,106,113,162,167,172],"underlying":[12],"concept":[13],"repository":[14],"called":[15,126],"Metathesaurus":[17],"(META).":[18],"Specifically,":[19],"SN":[21,53],"forms":[22],"classification":[24],"layer":[25],"META,":[28],"with":[29],"each":[30],"of":[31,51,88,118,158,166],"META's":[33],"constituent":[34],"concepts":[35,57,119],"assigned":[36,59],"to":[37,55,60,73,94,120,161],"one":[38],"or":[39],"more":[40],"semantic":[41,64,75,98,123],"types":[42,65,76,99,124],"in":[43,48,66,85,105,112],"SN.":[45],"rule":[47],"design":[50],"is":[54,125,130,155],"have":[56,100],"explicitly":[58],"lowest":[62],"possible":[63],"SN's":[68],"IS-A":[69,82],"hierarchy.":[70],"Implicit":[71],"assignment":[72,117],"higher":[74],"can":[77,139],"be":[78],"inferred":[79],"via":[80],"relationships.":[83],"However,":[84],"subsequent":[86],"versions":[87],"UMLS,":[90],"unnecessary,":[91],"simultaneous":[92],"assignments":[93],"descendant":[95],"and":[96,110,171],"ancestor":[97,122],"been":[101],"discovered":[102],"(e.g.,":[103],"8,622":[104],"UMLS":[107,168],"1998":[108],"version":[109,165],"12,657":[111],"2001":[114],"version).":[115],"such":[121],"redundant":[127,143],"classification.":[128],"There":[129],"need":[132],"an":[134,148],"automated":[135],"auditing":[136,153],"tool":[137],"that":[138],"identify":[140],"all":[141],"these":[142],"classifications.":[144],"In":[145],"this":[146,152],"paper,":[147],"efficient":[149],"algorithm":[150],"task":[154],"introduced.":[156],"Details":[157],"its":[159],"application":[160],"current":[163],"(2001)":[164],"are":[169,174],"presented":[170],"results":[173],"discussed.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}