{"id":"https://openalex.org/W53497458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874104501105010093","title":"Medicinal Chemistry and Actions of Dual and Pan PPAR Modulators","display_name":"Medicinal Chemistry and Actions of Dual and Pan PPAR Modulators","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W53497458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874104501105010093","mag":"53497458","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21966330","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3174518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/1874104501105010093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874104501105010093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874104501105010093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22463152","display_name":"The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","issn_l":"1874-1045","issn":["1874-1045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3174518","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080780590","display_name":"Ernest A Adeghate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-1562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-1562"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ernest Adeghate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates, University Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates, University Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731","https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080780590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731","https://openalex.org/I201726411"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5679,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90435501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"93","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11072","display_name":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11072","display_name":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12975","display_name":"Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1308","display_name":"Clinical Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptors","display_name":"peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-ppar-agonists","display_name":"dual PPAR agonists","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pparalpha","display_name":"PPAR\u03b1","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ppardelta","display_name":"PPAR\u03b4","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ppargamma","display_name":"PPAR\u03b3","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibrates","display_name":"fibrates","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thiazolidinediones","display_name":"thiazolidinediones","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertriglyceridemia","display_name":"hypertriglyceridemia","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperlipidemia","display_name":"hyperlipidemia","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherosclerosis","display_name":"atherosclerosis","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-structure","display_name":"molecular structure","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-effects","display_name":"adverse effects","score":0.9390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778110834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419724","display_name":"Fenofibrate","level":2,"score":0.7636772394180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778670441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384295","display_name":"Gemfibrozil","level":3,"score":0.7382362484931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776933373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424744","display_name":"Fibrate","level":3,"score":0.683460533618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187345961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419629","display_name":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor","level":3,"score":0.6707746982574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776919658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1467339","display_name":"Hypertriglyceridemia","level":4,"score":0.6614446640014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.6028463840484619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.5698727369308472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5174801349639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780152017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424771","display_name":"Rosiglitazone","level":3,"score":0.5163056254386902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.507930338382721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4541241526603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7341990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10331450","display_name":"PPAR agonist","level":4,"score":0.4360795319080353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4241040349006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776362216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577387","display_name":"Bezafibrate","level":2,"score":0.4146861135959625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.3373875021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3102515935897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29400789737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.25058847665786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186319","display_name":"Triglyceride","level":3,"score":0.20730561017990112}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/1874104501105010093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874104501105010093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874104501105010093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22463152","display_name":"The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","issn_l":"1874-1045","issn":["1874-1045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3174518","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3174518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Med Chem J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21966330","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21966330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The open medicinal chemistry journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.288.8444","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.288.8444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/0d/f8/Open_Med_Chem_J_2011_Sep_9_5_93-98.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3174518","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3174518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Med Chem J","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983519362","https://openalex.org/W1990120674","https://openalex.org/W2003528418","https://openalex.org/W2004335679","https://openalex.org/W2007504512","https://openalex.org/W2020852287","https://openalex.org/W2022174018","https://openalex.org/W2044431460","https://openalex.org/W2055726721","https://openalex.org/W2056416937","https://openalex.org/W2062551263","https://openalex.org/W2066092624","https://openalex.org/W2091775887","https://openalex.org/W2097170334","https://openalex.org/W2107752044","https://openalex.org/W2108030886","https://openalex.org/W2113328569","https://openalex.org/W2117381646","https://openalex.org/W2119259252","https://openalex.org/W2126535322","https://openalex.org/W2127456444","https://openalex.org/W2132600168","https://openalex.org/W2132741387","https://openalex.org/W2150985748","https://openalex.org/W2165815833","https://openalex.org/W2169615592","https://openalex.org/W2317387374","https://openalex.org/W2322346398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100153268","https://openalex.org/W7097151492","https://openalex.org/W2103815604","https://openalex.org/W2137116210","https://openalex.org/W2144829836","https://openalex.org/W2578706259","https://openalex.org/W1811935632","https://openalex.org/W2221726735","https://openalex.org/W2150609543","https://openalex.org/W4380992016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Peroxisome":[0],"proliferator-activated":[1],"receptor":[2],"(PPAR)":[3],"agonists":[4,35],"are":[5,148],"used":[6],"as":[7,41],"adjunct":[8],"therapy":[9],"in":[10,79,92],"the":[11,30,48,61,71,80,105,157],"treatment":[12],"of":[13,32,37,63,82,85,97,107,127,140,152,166],"diabetes":[14,141],"mellitus.":[15],"Fibrates,":[16],"including":[17,142],"fenofibrate,":[18],"gemfibrozil,":[19],"benzafibrate,":[20],"ciprofibrate,":[21],"and":[22,57,95,129,134,137,145,163,168],"clofibrate":[23],"act":[24],"on":[25,70],"PPAR":[26,120,128,170],"alpha":[27],"to":[28,55,60,75,89],"reduce":[29,101,131],"level":[31,106],"hypertriglyceridemia.":[33],"However,":[34],"(ligands)":[36],"PPAR-beta/delta":[38],"receptors,":[39],"such":[40],"tesaglitazar,":[42],"muraglitazar,":[43],"ragaglitazar,":[44],"imiglitazar,":[45],"aleglitazar,":[46],"alter":[47],"body's":[49],"energy":[50],"substrate":[51],"preference":[52],"from":[53],"glucose":[54,65],"lipids":[56],"hence":[58],"contribute":[59],"reduction":[62],"blood":[64],"level.":[66],"Glitazones":[67],"or":[68,118,124],"thiazolidinediones":[69],"other":[72],"hand,":[73],"bind":[74],"PPAR-gamma":[76,86],"receptors":[77,87],"located":[78],"nuclei":[81],"cells.":[83],"Activation":[84],"leads":[88],"a":[90],"decrease":[91],"insulin":[93,132],"resistance":[94,133],"modification":[96],"adipocyte":[98],"metabolism.":[99],"They":[100],"hyperlipidaemia":[102],"by":[103,150],"increasing":[104],"ATP-binding":[108],"cassette":[109],"A1,":[110],"which":[111,147],"modifies":[112],"extra-hepatic":[113],"cholesterol":[114],"into":[115],"HDL.":[116],"Dual":[117],"pan":[119,169],"ligands":[121],"stimulate":[122],"two":[123],"more":[125],"isoforms":[126],"thereby":[130],"prevent":[135],"short-":[136],"long-term":[138],"complications":[139],"micro-and":[143],"macroangiopathy":[144],"atherosclerosis,":[146],"caused":[149],"deposition":[151],"cholesterol.":[153],"This":[154],"review":[155],"examines":[156],"chemical":[158],"structure,":[159],"actions,":[160],"side":[161],"effects":[162],"future":[164],"prospects":[165],"dual":[167],"agonists.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}