{"id":"https://openalex.org/W53394136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5621-2_6","title":"Program Annotation and Analysis","display_name":"Program Annotation and Analysis","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W53394136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5621-2_6","mag":"53394136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5621-2_6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5621-2_6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5621-2_6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462921","display_name":"Birkh\u00e4user Boston eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Evolution of Programs","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"parent_works":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1529279321","display_name":"The Evolution of Programs","relationship":"volume"}],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W53394136","https://openalex.org/W1529279321"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039993352","display_name":"Nachum Dershowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-2735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-2735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nachum Dershowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801-2987, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801-2987, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039993352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"195","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9121000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9121000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.0737999975681305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-annotations","display_name":"program annotations","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-change","display_name":"software modification","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-abstraction","display_name":"program abstraction","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"debugging","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-specification","display_name":"program specification","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-behavior-analysis","display_name":"program behavior analysis","score":0.34700000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.9366505146026611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.8371585607528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7174319624900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6884835362434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.6733265519142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.5153574347496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5037254691123962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776299755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432449","display_name":"Carry (investment)","level":2,"score":0.42906373739242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.42632579803466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4118672311306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1486051082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09791839122772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.07409578561782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.05976438522338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5621-2_6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5621-2_6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5621-2_6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462921","display_name":"Birkh\u00e4user Boston eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Evolution of Programs","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2491654119","https://openalex.org/W1580102900","https://openalex.org/W1532795106","https://openalex.org/W7097406782","https://openalex.org/W7099335853","https://openalex.org/W2064934273","https://openalex.org/W7097364419","https://openalex.org/W3023611763","https://openalex.org/W1529821561","https://openalex.org/W2133976022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"we":[1,68],"have":[2],"seen,":[3],"invariant":[4],"assertions":[5,44],"are":[6],"often":[7],"needed":[8],"for":[9],"modification":[10],"and":[11],"abstraction":[12],"to":[13,22,36,71],"carry":[14],"through.":[15],"But":[16],"what":[17,54,63],"if":[18,29],"the":[19,30,48,55,64],"programmer":[20],"failed":[21],"supply":[23],"enough":[24],"of":[25,42],"them?":[26],"In":[27],"particular,":[28],"program":[31,56,65],"is":[32,57,66],"incorrect":[33],"with":[34],"respect":[35],"its":[37],"specifications,":[38],"then,":[39],"perforce,":[40],"some":[41],"his":[43],"(at":[45],"very":[46],"least,":[47],"output":[49],"specification)":[50],"do":[51],"not":[52],"reflect":[53],"actually":[58],"doing.":[59],"And":[60],"without":[61],"knowing":[62],"doing,":[67],"cannot":[69],"proceed":[70],"debug":[72],"it.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
