{"id":"https://openalex.org/W53120673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2020.08.013","title":"A History of Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","display_name":"A History of Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W53120673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2020.08.013","mag":"53120673","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33128891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.suc.2020.08.013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2020.08.013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2020.08.013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38766774","display_name":"Surgical Clinics of North America","issn_l":"0039-6109","issn":["0039-6109","1558-3171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surgical Clinics of North America","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110103017","display_name":"Jeffrey L. Ponsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316902750","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjacd83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey L. Ponsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Desk A100, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: ponskyj@ccf.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Desk A100, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: ponskyj@ccf.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028295163","display_name":"Andrew T. Strong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-244X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-244X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316902750","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjacd83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew T. Strong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Desk A100, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Desk A100, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110103017"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96138482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":"6","first_page":"971","last_page":"992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.6205999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.6205999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11378","display_name":"Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.301800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12053","display_name":"Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques","score":0.02449999935925007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-endoscopy","display_name":"history of endoscopy","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endoscopic-surgery","display_name":"endoscopic surgery","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endoscopic-treatment","display_name":"endoscopic treatment","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endoscopic-technology","display_name":"endoscopic technology","score":0.6470000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9036768674850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778451229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212809","display_name":"Endoscopy","level":2,"score":0.6809629201889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7782515","display_name":"Therapeutic endoscopy","level":3,"score":0.6188548803329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61434518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932510","display_name":"General surgery","level":1,"score":0.4165738821029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3438904583454132}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005336","descriptor_name":"Fiber Optic Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005336","descriptor_name":"Fiber Optic Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016099","descriptor_name":"Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016099","descriptor_name":"Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016099","descriptor_name":"Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020776","descriptor_name":"Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049690","descriptor_name":"History, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.suc.2020.08.013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2020.08.013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2020.08.013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38766774","display_name":"Surgical Clinics of North America","issn_l":"0039-6109","issn":["0039-6109","1558-3171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surgical Clinics of North America","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33128891","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33128891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Surgical clinics of North America","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":156,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54275940","https://openalex.org/W87000305","https://openalex.org/W195124871","https://openalex.org/W562157578","https://openalex.org/W1521385374","https://openalex.org/W1527185560","https://openalex.org/W1566705546","https://openalex.org/W1585475109","https://openalex.org/W1615184497","https://openalex.org/W1964539734","https://openalex.org/W1965321397","https://openalex.org/W1969485601","https://openalex.org/W1969565544","https://openalex.org/W1972799930","https://openalex.org/W1972993656","https://openalex.org/W1979060114","https://openalex.org/W1983358914","https://openalex.org/W1983526277","https://openalex.org/W1984784168","https://openalex.org/W1989002864","https://openalex.org/W1989258616","https://openalex.org/W1992872937","https://openalex.org/W1995789028","https://openalex.org/W1995811684","https://openalex.org/W1996153371","https://openalex.org/W1997639692","https://openalex.org/W1999420754","https://openalex.org/W2002170716","https://openalex.org/W2002640686","https://openalex.org/W2003390176","https://openalex.org/W2006287083","https://openalex.org/W2006480335","https://openalex.org/W2007781692","https://openalex.org/W2009378378","https://openalex.org/W2009962533","https://openalex.org/W2014943241","https://openalex.org/W2015851900","https://openalex.org/W2017281089","https://openalex.org/W2017602387","https://openalex.org/W2019899185","https://openalex.org/W2020571960","https://openalex.org/W2022115872","https://openalex.org/W2023105471","https://openalex.org/W2025208015","https://openalex.org/W2025391495","https://openalex.org/W2025464009","https://openalex.org/W2028605375","https://openalex.org/W2029326581","https://openalex.org/W2030183565","https://openalex.org/W2030545404","https://openalex.org/W2032130600","https://openalex.org/W2035727933","https://openalex.org/W2035795111","https://openalex.org/W2037218846","https://openalex.org/W2037524274","https://openalex.org/W2038240923","https://openalex.org/W2040022140","https://openalex.org/W2041600958","https://openalex.org/W2042195254","https://openalex.org/W2042457695","https://openalex.org/W2042868641","https://openalex.org/W2043382627","https://openalex.org/W2043495369","https://openalex.org/W2044220724","https://openalex.org/W2044393677","https://openalex.org/W2044578575","https://openalex.org/W2045758173","https://openalex.org/W2047862349","https://openalex.org/W2048703702","https://openalex.org/W2049971823","https://openalex.org/W2050190335","https://openalex.org/W2050454956","https://openalex.org/W2052954376","https://openalex.org/W2053209509","https://openalex.org/W2054260260","https://openalex.org/W2056741662","https://openalex.org/W2057892584","https://openalex.org/W2058858621","https://openalex.org/W2063210906","https://openalex.org/W2065872252","https://openalex.org/W2066155244","https://openalex.org/W2069512476","https://openalex.org/W2070942716","https://openalex.org/W2071616819","https://openalex.org/W2075644767","https://openalex.org/W2077840089","https://openalex.org/W2078620751","https://openalex.org/W2079181356","https://openalex.org/W2081131315","https://openalex.org/W2082037769","https://openalex.org/W2082998397","https://openalex.org/W2083924507","https://openalex.org/W2083941207","https://openalex.org/W2086378501","https://openalex.org/W2088267079","https://openalex.org/W2088450419","https://openalex.org/W2089651473","https://openalex.org/W2094472009","https://openalex.org/W2102305215","https://openalex.org/W2106372970","https://openalex.org/W2107936488","https://openalex.org/W2108219583","https://openalex.org/W2111781623","https://openalex.org/W2114519490","https://openalex.org/W2120450267","https://openalex.org/W2133016002","https://openalex.org/W2143589012","https://openalex.org/W2148361207","https://openalex.org/W2168029088","https://openalex.org/W2247557821","https://openalex.org/W2260808082","https://openalex.org/W2301275542","https://openalex.org/W2318856007","https://openalex.org/W2319652951","https://openalex.org/W2320650418","https://openalex.org/W2323974500","https://openalex.org/W2325083358","https://openalex.org/W2331235286","https://openalex.org/W2333859104","https://openalex.org/W2335970346","https://openalex.org/W2337166120","https://openalex.org/W2395029365","https://openalex.org/W2395297597","https://openalex.org/W2396398375","https://openalex.org/W2397818161","https://openalex.org/W2400371393","https://openalex.org/W2403571866","https://openalex.org/W2412546789","https://openalex.org/W2415732697","https://openalex.org/W2416573634","https://openalex.org/W2417517327","https://openalex.org/W2441664976","https://openalex.org/W2467923303","https://openalex.org/W2506910736","https://openalex.org/W2607212618","https://openalex.org/W2618873699","https://openalex.org/W2740704703","https://openalex.org/W2749497003","https://openalex.org/W2769411730","https://openalex.org/W2773385424","https://openalex.org/W2782425860","https://openalex.org/W2794449115","https://openalex.org/W2883336076","https://openalex.org/W2883498607","https://openalex.org/W2894443737","https://openalex.org/W2945965797","https://openalex.org/W2989326494","https://openalex.org/W3017334408","https://openalex.org/W3034355295","https://openalex.org/W3047586899","https://openalex.org/W3191024605","https://openalex.org/W3207188219","https://openalex.org/W3211986606","https://openalex.org/W4210242471","https://openalex.org/W4230667321","https://openalex.org/W4246963951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091727507","https://openalex.org/W2965062813","https://openalex.org/W3188021271","https://openalex.org/W4408922083","https://openalex.org/W2104809445","https://openalex.org/W4324122296","https://openalex.org/W3202071120","https://openalex.org/W2809928154","https://openalex.org/W2896182893","https://openalex.org/W1989258616"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
