{"id":"https://openalex.org/W52834783","doi":null,"title":"The Direct and Indirect Influences of National Culture on Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Fourteen Nation Study","display_name":"The Direct and Indirect Influences of National Culture on Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Fourteen Nation Study","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W52834783","mag":"52834783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:52834783","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2994838271/the-direct-and-indirect-influences-of-national-culture","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of management","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081112848","display_name":"Christopher Schlaegel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-2726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-2726"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Schlaegel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-2726","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086758549","display_name":"Xiaohong He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-3833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-3833"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong He","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-3833","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085286622","display_name":"Robert L. Engle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert L. Engle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94543098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"597","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-intention","display_name":"entrepreneurial intention","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-culture","display_name":"national culture","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hofstede-s-cultural-dimensions","display_name":"Hofstede cultural dimensions","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualism","display_name":"individualism","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-avoidance","display_name":"uncertainty avoidance","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masculinity","display_name":"masculinity","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-distance","display_name":"power distance","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"theory of planned behavior","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-institutions","display_name":"informal institutions","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.7369999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67356462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5807210","display_name":"Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory","level":2,"score":0.792262613773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119469879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15514847","display_name":"Uncertainty avoidance","level":4,"score":0.7508425712585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.6994062066078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17022365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995","display_name":"Individualism","level":2,"score":0.6217526197433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89785696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290753","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","level":3,"score":0.5159047842025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.5098282694816589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.45257964730262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43718138337135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4355931878089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4346787631511688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184048983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316242","display_name":"World Values Survey","level":2,"score":0.42494070529937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.41772791743278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.356792151927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3548418879508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.29577571153640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.276546835899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26501303911209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.21330660581588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96420161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237789","display_name":"Collectivism","level":3,"score":0.20963412523269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1596950888633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1110524833202362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:52834783","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2994838271/the-direct-and-indirect-influences-of-national-culture","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of management","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6600000262260437}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163656238","https://openalex.org/W4402830143","https://openalex.org/W2905415563","https://openalex.org/W2329830537","https://openalex.org/W2771995429","https://openalex.org/W3083509298","https://openalex.org/W2914268027","https://openalex.org/W6993049438","https://openalex.org/W2901033956","https://openalex.org/W2997623205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0,293],"the":[1,15,37,45,92,98,130,179,186,229,234,238,244,249,255,266,269,304,355,369,385,402,405,410,418,428,434,445,464,513,523,528,532,536],"entrepreneurship":[2,133,227],"literature":[3],"theoretically":[4],"and":[5,80,97,117,148,159,196,209,216,240,246,257,271,278,323,332,343,360,427,440,459,498,517],"empirically":[6],"finds":[7],"that":[8,76,104,132,137,475],"national":[9,25,48,77,180,373,421],"culture":[10,26,78,374],"influences":[11,27,267,375],"different":[12],"components":[13],"of":[14,39,47,58,87,167,190,213,226,248,268,285,307,317,354,368,384,396,404,412,420,436,447,481,493,508,531],"entrepreneurial":[16,52,83,88,95,125,276,308,321,356,386,413,425,469,488],"process,":[17],"there":[18],"remains":[19,349],"considerable":[20],"debate":[21],"as":[22,152,154,241,243,527],"to":[23,30,122,299,302,380,400,444,450],"whether":[24],"individuals'":[28],"intent":[29,89,96,300,309,322,426,442,489],"start":[31,451],"an":[32,448],"own":[33],"business.":[34,454],"Drawing":[35],"on":[36,51,265,275,424],"theory":[38,435,480],"planned":[40,437,482],"behavior,":[41,514],"this":[42,397],"study":[43,398],"examines":[44],"influence":[46,419],"cultural":[49,68,99,193,358,422],"dimensions":[50,423],"intent.":[53,84,126,414,470],"Combining":[54],"primary":[55],"survey":[56],"data":[57],"2,063":[59],"university":[60],"business":[61],"students":[62],"from":[63],"14":[64],"countries":[65,107,328,494],"with":[66,143],"secondary":[67],"dimension":[69],"scores":[70],"our":[71],"structural":[72],"equation":[73],"analysis":[74],"shows":[75],"directly":[79],"indirectly":[81],"affects":[82],"The":[85,127,150,224,394],"determinants":[86,287,325,431,507],"partially":[90],"mediate":[91],"relationship":[93],"between":[94],"dimensions.":[100],"Our":[101],"results":[102,151],"indicate":[103],"individuals":[105,168,205,222],"in":[106,146,206,310,371,409,490],"characterized":[108],"by":[109,140,173,178,203,237,254,390,433,468],"low":[110,115,118],"individualism,":[111],"high":[112],"uncertainty":[113],"avoidance,":[114],"masculinity,":[116],"power":[119],"distance":[120],"tend":[121],"have":[123,462],"higher":[124],"findings":[128],"support":[129],"view":[131],"is":[134,138,378,399,525],"a":[135,191,207,210,282,314,365,452,491],"process":[136,357,387],"influenced":[139,170,253],"individual":[141,305,449,533],"dissatisfaction":[142],"existing":[144],"conditions":[145],"organizations":[147],"society.":[149],"well":[153,242],"their":[155],"implications":[156],"are":[157,163,169,201,252,362,388],"discussed":[158],"further":[160],"research":[161,472],"directions":[162],"outlined.IntroductionThe":[164],"economic":[165],"decisions":[166],"not":[171],"only":[172,313],"cognitive":[174],"processes,":[175],"but":[176],"also":[177],"institutional":[181,187,273,392,407],"environment.":[182],"Following":[183],"North":[184],"(1990)":[185],"framework":[188],"consists":[189],"country's":[192,211],"beliefs,":[194],"norms,":[195],"values":[197,361],"(informal":[198],"institutions),":[199],"which":[200,221,251,288,352,372,382],"shared":[202],"most":[204],"society,":[208],"set":[212],"laws,":[214],"rules,":[215],"regulations":[217],"(formal":[218],"institutions)":[219],"within":[220],"operate.":[223],"rate":[225],"at":[228,351],"societal":[230],"level":[231],"depends":[232],"upon":[233],"opportunities":[235],"provided":[236],"environment":[239,259,274,408],"capabilities":[245],"preferences":[247],"individuals,":[250],"informal":[256,270,391,406],"formal":[258,272],"(Hofstede":[260],"et":[261,336],"al.,":[262],"2004).":[263],"Research":[264],"activity":[277],"behavior":[279,483,524],"has":[280,296,473],"examined":[281],"wide":[283],"array":[284],"potential":[286],"foster":[289],"or":[290],"hinder":[291],"entrepreneurship.":[292],"much":[294],"attention":[295],"been":[297],"given":[298],"models":[301],"examine":[303,381,417],"antecedents":[306],"single-country":[311],"studies":[312,318,456],"limited":[315],"number":[316],"systematically":[319],"compare":[320],"its":[324],"across":[326],"several":[327],"(e.g.,":[329,457,495],"Griffiths,":[330],"Kickul,":[331],"Carsrud,":[333,460,499],"2009;":[334],"Moriano":[335],"al.":[337],"201":[338,345],"1":[339],";":[340],"Iakovleva,":[341],"Kolvereid,":[342],"Stephan,":[344],"1).":[346],"Therefore,":[347],"it":[348,377],"unclear":[350],"stage":[353],"norms":[359],"effective.":[363],"Toward":[364],"better":[366],"understanding":[367],"way":[370],"entrepreneurship,":[376],"necessary":[379],"stages":[383],"affected":[389],"conditions.":[393],"objective":[395],"investigate":[401],"role":[403,466],"development":[411],"Thereby,":[415],"we":[416],"social-cognitive":[429],"intentional":[430],"proposed":[432],"behavior.Theoretical":[438],"Framework":[439],"HypothesesEntrepreneurial":[441],"refers":[443],"intention":[446],"new":[453],"Several":[455],"Krueger":[458],"1993)":[461],"recognized":[463],"important":[465],"played":[467],"Previous":[471],"proven":[474],"Ajzen's":[476],"(1":[477],"99":[478],"1)":[479],"(hereafter":[484],"TPB)":[485],"successfully":[486],"predicts":[487],"variety":[492],"Krueger,":[496],"Reilly,":[497],"2000).":[500],"Ajzen":[501],"(1991)":[502],"identified":[503],"three":[504],"conceptually":[505],"independent":[506],"intention,":[509],"namely":[510],"attitude":[511],"toward":[512],"subjective":[515],"norm,":[516],"perceived":[518],"behavioral":[519],"control.":[520],"Attitude":[521],"towards":[522,534],"defined":[526],"evaluative":[529],"affect":[530],"performing":[535],"behavior.":[537],"\u2026":[538]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}