{"id":"https://openalex.org/W52405866","doi":null,"title":"Diagnostic role of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adults.","display_name":"Diagnostic role of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adults.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W52405866","mag":"52405866","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11601338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11601338","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11601338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065013613","display_name":"\u5468\u667a\u5e7f","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410011, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410011, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075490266","display_name":"\u6b27\u9633\u73b2\u8389","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021653380","display_name":"Jian Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-0248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-0248"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059242617","display_name":"\u6768\u6587","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043679304","display_name":"\u738b\u5065\u6c11","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017631016","display_name":"\u6731\u65ed\u840d","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034564347","display_name":"\u4f0d\u6c49\u6587","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"T Dyrberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Dyrberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00402781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"112","issue":"6","first_page":"554","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11627","display_name":"Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-autoimmune-diabetes-in-adults","display_name":"latent autoimmune diabetes in adults","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gad65-autoantibodies","display_name":"GAD65 antibodies","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamic-acid-decarboxylase","display_name":"glutamic acid decarboxylase","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes-misdiagnosis","display_name":"type 2 diabetes misdiagnosis","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoantibody-prevalence","display_name":"autoantibody prevalence","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-deficiency","display_name":"insulin deficiency","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-biomarkers","display_name":"diagnostic biomarkers","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-patients","display_name":"Chinese patients","score":0.7480000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908810637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1797833","display_name":"Autoimmune diabetes","level":4,"score":0.7797949910163879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9497952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419650","display_name":"Glutamate decarboxylase","level":3,"score":0.7356060147285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6684322953224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163764329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785022","display_name":"Autoantibody","level":3,"score":0.5923292636871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.5917888879776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5456065535545349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779075594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084905","display_name":"Autoimmune disease","level":3,"score":0.42945951223373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.42378056049346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360","display_name":"Autoimmunity","level":3,"score":0.4195636510848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.24865639209747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24125662446022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.2306739091873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2053833305835724}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000906","descriptor_name":"Antibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001327","descriptor_name":"Autoimmune Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001327","descriptor_name":"Autoimmune Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005968","descriptor_name":"Glutamate Decarboxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11601338","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11601338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2359199280","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11601338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3143099809","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZHSS906.026.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306541197","display_name":"\u4e2d\u534e\u533b\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u7248","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u4e2d\u534e\u533b\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7(\u82f1\u6587\u7248)","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:52405866","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cqvip.com/QK/85656X/199906/4000784679.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306541197","display_name":"\u4e2d\u534e\u533b\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u7248","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u4e2d\u534e\u533b\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u7248","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575149230","https://openalex.org/W2984743897","https://openalex.org/W2295642975","https://openalex.org/W2360545155","https://openalex.org/W7096868469","https://openalex.org/W2613675438","https://openalex.org/W7030399546","https://openalex.org/W2113007521","https://openalex.org/W2065703281","https://openalex.org/W2309527640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"investigate":[2],"the":[3,21,103,172,178,209],"diagnostic":[4],"role":[5],"of":[6,17,23,53,81,87,119,126,147,162,171,180,203,212],"antibodies":[7],"to":[8,177,205],"glutamic":[9],"acid":[10],"decarboxylase":[11],"(GAD65-Ab)":[12],"in":[13,25,78,92,98,121,192],"latent":[14],"autoimmune":[15],"diabetes":[16,32,131],"adults":[18],"(LADA)":[19],"and":[20,39,57,71,95,154,166],"frequency":[22],"GAD-Ab":[24],"Chinese":[26],"patients":[27,94,186],"initially":[28,43,187],"diagnosed":[29,188],"as":[30,45,189],"non-insulin-dependent":[31],"mellitus":[33],"(NIDDM).":[34],"METHODS:":[35],"Forty-five":[36],"control":[37,99,149],"subjects":[38],"195":[40],"consecutive":[41],"inpatients":[42],"classified":[44],"NIDDM":[46,93,122,190],"with":[47,124],">":[48,61],"or":[49],"=":[50],"35":[51],"years":[52,129],"age":[54,125],"at":[55,130,169,208],"onset":[56,170],"nonketotic":[58],"history":[59],"for":[60],"6":[62],"months":[63],"after":[64],"diagnosis,":[65],"were":[66,110,115,142,174],"recruited.":[67],"In":[68,184],"vitro":[69],"transcripted":[70],"translated":[72],"recombinant":[73],"human":[74],"35S-GAD65":[75],"was":[76,89],"used":[77],"radioligand":[79],"assay":[80],"GAD-Ab.":[82],"RESULTS:":[83],"The":[84,117,158],"overall":[85],"prevalence":[86,118,179],"GAD65-Ab":[88,105,120,181,200],"14.8%":[90],"(29/195)":[91],"2.2%":[96],"(1/45)":[97],"subjects,":[100],"respectively.":[101],"Of":[102],"29":[104],"positive":[106],"patients,":[107],"17":[108],"(58.6%)":[109],"insulin-deficient":[111],"while":[112],"12":[113],"(41.4%)":[114],"non-insulin-deficient.":[116],"group":[123],"<":[127,139],"40":[128],"onset,":[132],"ketotic":[133],"history,":[134],"body":[135],"mass":[136],"index":[137],"(BMI)":[138],"21":[140],"kg/m2,":[141],"significantly":[143],"higher":[144],"than":[145],"that":[146],"corresponding":[148],"diabetic":[150],"subgroups":[151],"(2.5,":[152],"4.1":[153],"3.2":[155],"times,":[156],"respectively).":[157],"sex,":[159],"duration,":[160],"symptoms":[161],"polyphagia,":[163],"polydipsia,":[164],"polyuria":[165],"weight":[167],"loss":[168],"disease":[173],"not":[175],"related":[176],"positivity.":[182],"CONCLUSIONS:":[183],"China,":[185],"may":[191,201],"many":[193],"cases":[194],"suffer":[195],"from":[196],"LADA.":[197],"Testing":[198],"by":[199],"be":[202],"assistance":[204],"identifying":[206],"LADA":[207],"earliest":[210],"stage":[211],"disease.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
