{"id":"https://openalex.org/W52272663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.133410","title":"Economics of Using Flared vs. Conventional Natural Gas to Produce Nitrogen Fertilizer: A Feasibility Analysis","display_name":"Economics of Using Flared vs. Conventional Natural Gas to Produce Nitrogen Fertilizer: A Feasibility Analysis","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W52272663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.133410","mag":"52272663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:nddaae:133410","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/133410/files/Department-APUC%20Report.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/133410/files/Department-APUC%20Report.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.133410","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110285445","display_name":"Thein A. Maung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maung, Thein A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082435516","display_name":"David Ripplinger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ripplinger, David G.","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Dakota State Univ.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Dakota State Univ.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109410616","display_name":"Gregory McKee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McKee, Gregory J.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019883217","display_name":"David M. Saxowsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saxowsky, David M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.32910001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.32910001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.22529999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14224","display_name":"Oil, Gas, and Environmental Issues","score":0.16210000216960907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilizer-production","display_name":"nitrogen fertilizer production","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-plant","display_name":"ammonia plant","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urea","display_name":"urea","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facility-location","display_name":"facility location","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-and-operating-costs","display_name":"capital and operating costs","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-structure","display_name":"corporate structure","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-marketing","display_name":"fertilizer marketing","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-sequestration","display_name":"carbon sequestration","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-dakota-agriculture","display_name":"North Dakota agriculture","score":0.5720000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.5000193119049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157062255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035697","display_name":"Capital cost","level":2,"score":0.4793851375579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181258405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3961934","display_name":"Ammonia production","level":3,"score":0.45489779114723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4529199004173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.4471403658390045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38199442625045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3322141468524933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2971949577331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.2846519351005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.1899779736995697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10148438811302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:nddaae:133410","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/133410/files/Department-APUC%20Report.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/133410/files/Department-APUC%20Report.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:133410","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/133410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/133410","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.133410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.133410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.133410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.133410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.133410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.133410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8409000039100647,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318963","display_name":"North Dakota Corn Utilization Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0170ywf48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504707705","https://openalex.org/W2076226349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W977069370","https://openalex.org/W7029728460","https://openalex.org/W958055740","https://openalex.org/W1569341163","https://openalex.org/W966533407","https://openalex.org/W1815605087","https://openalex.org/W2983816399","https://openalex.org/W7099053836","https://openalex.org/W3197591287","https://openalex.org/W7100532569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,191,320],"feasibility":[1,89],"analysis":[2],"begins":[3],"by":[4,83,204],"examining":[5],"the":[6,37,58,75,85,102,113,144,245,252,256,284,303,310,323,351,366,384],"economic":[7,88],"potential":[8,295],"of":[9,25,64,90,104,115,146,181,193,255,286,297,312,314,322],"using":[10,313],"flared":[11,105,116,339],"natural":[12,47,194,357],"gas":[13,48,106,117,195,340,358],"as":[14],"a":[15,19,46,230,260,370],"feedstock":[16],"to":[17,135,216,250,264,301,335,354],"produce":[18],"low-cost,":[20],"reliable,":[21],"and":[22,43,61,87,95,138,158,179,184,187,198,202,240,267,270,274,277,280,291,294,337,378],"sustainable":[23],"supply":[24,261,355],"nitrogen":[26,49,66,92,188,246],"fertilizer":[27,50,67,76,93,159,173,189,247,316,360],"for":[28,45,74,244,305,359,372,380],"North":[29,54,110,200,298],"Dakota":[30,111,201,299],"farmers.":[31],"Specific":[32],"objectives":[33,80],"include":[34,172,227],"\u2022":[35,56,69,98,119,141,163,228,258,282,308],"Determining":[36,283],"most":[38],"profitable":[39],"facility":[40,52],"size,":[41],"location,":[42],"configuration":[44],"production":[51,77,94,126,248],"in":[53,108,167,196,383],"Dakota.":[55],"Calculating":[57],"financial":[59,231,253],"returns":[60],"capital":[62,137],"requirements":[63],"gas-based":[65],"production.":[68],"Identifying":[70],"possible":[71],"business":[72,148],"structures":[73],"facility.":[78],"Project":[79],"are":[81,133,161,211,223],"achieved":[82],"evaluating":[84],"technological":[86,178],"alternative":[91,147],"distribution":[96],"systems.":[97],"Flared":[99],"Gas":[100],"Collection:":[101],"economics":[103],"collection":[107],"western":[109,197],"analyzes":[112],"availability":[114],"supplies.":[118],"Ammonia":[120],"Plant":[121],"Preliminary":[122],"Design:":[123],"several":[124],"ammonia":[125],"plants":[127,208],"based":[128],"on":[129,154,317,350],"commercially":[130],"available":[131],"technologies":[132],"used":[134],"estimate":[136,265],"operating":[139],"cost.":[140],"Business":[142],"Structure:":[143],"effect":[145],"structures,":[149],"including":[150,234,272],"new":[151],"generation":[152],"cooperatives,":[153],"incorporation,":[155],"capitalization,":[156],"taxation,":[157],"marketing":[160],"investigated.":[162],"Facility":[164],"Siting:":[165],"factors":[166],"determining":[168],"optimal":[169],"plant":[170,249],"site":[171],"form":[174],"(e.g.":[175],"ammonia,":[176],"urea),":[177],"economies":[180],"scale,":[182],"transportation":[183,268],"utility":[185],"infrastructure,":[186],"demand.":[190],"use":[192],"eastern":[199],"co-location":[203],"existing":[205],"coal-fired":[206],"power":[207],"or":[209,222],"refineries":[210],"considered.":[212],"Topics":[213],"originally":[214],"intended":[215],"study":[217,324],"but":[218,347],"not":[219,342],"yet":[220],"completed":[221],"no":[224],"longer":[225],"relevant":[226],"Preparing":[229],"pro":[232,235],"forma,":[233],"forma":[236],"balance":[237],"sheet,":[238],"income":[239],"cash":[241],"flow":[242],"statements":[243],"demonstrate":[251],"viability":[254],"enterprise.":[257],"Incorporating":[259],"chain":[262],"model":[263],"storage":[266],"costs":[269],"efficiencies,":[271],"capturing":[273],"retaining":[275],"value,":[276],"reducing":[278],"cost":[279],"risks.":[281],"willingness":[285],"food":[287],"manufacturers,":[288],"bioenergy":[289],"producers,":[290],"other":[292],"current":[293],"buyers":[296],"crops":[300,373],"pay":[302],"premiums":[304],"green":[306,315,376],"inputs.":[307],"Estimating":[309],"impact":[311],"farm":[318],"profit.":[319],"focus":[321],"was":[325,341],"refined":[326],"when":[327],"initial":[328],"findings":[329],"revealed":[330],"that":[331,348],"initiating":[332],"an":[333],"enterprise":[334],"capture":[336],"process":[338],"economical":[343],"at":[344,365,390],"this":[345],"time,":[346],"relying":[349],"energy":[352],"industry":[353],"conventional":[356],"manufacturing":[361],"is":[362],"more":[363],"feasible":[364],"present":[367],"time.":[368],"However,":[369],"premium":[371],"produced":[374],"with":[375],"inputs":[377],"need":[379],"carbon":[381],"sequestration":[382],"future":[385],"should":[386],"be":[387],"subsequently":[388],"studied":[389],"appropriate":[391],"times.":[392]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}