{"id":"https://openalex.org/W5218299","doi":null,"title":"Framework for decision making: An EPA perspective","display_name":"Framework for decision making: An EPA perspective","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W5218299","mag":"5218299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:5218299","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6806655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052343688","display_name":"Stig E. Regli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stig Regli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025750472","display_name":"John E. Cromwell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John E. Cromwell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039797233","display_name":"X. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-8354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-8354"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069348767","display_name":"Allen Gelderloos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allen Gelderloos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086736815","display_name":"William D Grubbs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.D. Grubbs","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86097353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11331","display_name":"Fecal contamination and water quality","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfectants","display_name":"disinfectants","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfection-by-products","display_name":"disinfection by-products","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-regulation","display_name":"drinking water regulation","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-water-systems","display_name":"public water systems","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trihalomethanes","display_name":"trihalomethanes","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-contaminant-levels","display_name":"maximum contaminant levels","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-risk","display_name":"public health risk","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-treatment","display_name":"water treatment","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-decision-making","display_name":"regulatory decision-making","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-protection-agency","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7339571714401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780998164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7398466","display_name":"Safe Drinking Water Act","level":3,"score":0.6230481266975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.5802189707756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5501337051391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776695260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795843","display_name":"Maximum Contaminant Level","level":3,"score":0.5011844635009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.49188756942749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.48018208146095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019398576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639780","display_name":"Regulatory agency","level":2,"score":0.43713656067848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4146421253681183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.39002740383148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3517763018608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.32162001729011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2819764018058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.26219746470451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26068103313446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23902550339698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.20364812016487122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1127079427242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.09489601850509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09249988198280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08750563859939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:5218299","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6806655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.965499997138977,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2492481340","https://openalex.org/W4245055188","https://openalex.org/W2798501700","https://openalex.org/W2178076448","https://openalex.org/W7130512627","https://openalex.org/W2467601408","https://openalex.org/W2026612590","https://openalex.org/W2807904118","https://openalex.org/W1548609321","https://openalex.org/W4246143222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"United":[1],"States":[2],"Environmental":[3],"Protection":[4],"Agency":[5],"(EPA)":[6],"is":[7,81,115],"developing":[8],"national":[9],"regulations":[10,28],"to":[11,26,32,66,82,85,97,104],"control":[12],"for":[13,59],"disinfectants":[14],"and":[15,39],"disinfection":[16,38],"by-products":[17],"(D/DBPs)":[18],"in":[19,76,93,102,117],"public":[20,34,105],"drinking":[21],"water":[22,35],"supplies.":[23],"EPA":[24,114],"intends":[25],"propose":[27],"that":[29,89,113],"will":[30,109],"apply":[31],"all":[33],"systems":[36,67],"using":[37],"serving":[40,68],"non-transient":[41],"populations":[42],"--":[43],"approximately":[44],"220":[45],"million":[46],"people.":[47,72],"This":[48,107],"regulation":[49,80],"would":[50,95],"be":[51,83],"unlike":[52],"the":[53,90,111],"current":[54],"maximum":[55],"contaminant":[56],"level":[57],"(MCL)":[58],"total":[60],"trihalomethanes":[61],"(TTHMs)":[62],"which":[63],"only":[64],"pertains":[65],"more":[69],"than":[70],"10,000":[71],"A":[73],"fundamental":[74],"goal":[75],"setting":[77],"any":[78],"new":[79],"able":[84],"conclude":[86],"with":[87],"confidence":[88],"resultant":[91],"changes":[92],"treatment":[94],"lead":[96],"a":[98],"significant":[99],"overall":[100],"decrease":[101],"risk":[103],"health.":[106],"paper":[108],"describe":[110],"analysis":[112],"undertaking":[116],"pursuit":[118],"of":[119],"meeting":[120],"this":[121],"goal.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
