{"id":"https://openalex.org/W521170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319380009","title":"Inflammatory Mediators in Epilepsy","display_name":"Inflammatory Mediators in Epilepsy","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W521170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319380009","mag":"521170","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23530510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/1381612811319380009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319380009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319380009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55674637","display_name":"Current Pharmaceutical Design","issn_l":"1381-6128","issn":["1381-6128","1873-4286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Pharmaceutical Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039096971","display_name":"Lourdes Lorigados Pedr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4913-0706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4913-0706"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149409","display_name":"International Center of Neurologic Restoration","ror":"https://ror.org/04770s302","country_code":"CU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149409"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lourdes Lorigados Pedre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jefe Departamento de Inmunoqu\u00edmica, Centro Internacional de Restauraci\u00f3n Neurol\u00f3gica (CIREN), La Habana, Cuba; Ave 25 No 15805 e/ 158 y 160, CP 11300, Playa, C Habana, Cuba. lourdes.lorigados@infomed.sld.cu","Jefe Departamento de Inmunoqu\u00edmica, Centro Internacional de Restauraci\u00f3n Neurol\u00f3gica (CIREN), La Habana, Cuba; Ave 25 No 15805 e/ 158 y 160, CP 11300, Playa, C Habana, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jefe Departamento de Inmunoqu\u00edmica, Centro Internacional de Restauraci\u00f3n Neurol\u00f3gica (CIREN), La Habana, Cuba; Ave 25 No 15805 e/ 158 y 160, CP 11300, Playa, C Habana, Cuba. lourdes.lorigados@infomed.sld.cu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149409"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jefe Departamento de Inmunoqu\u00edmica, Centro Internacional de Restauraci\u00f3n Neurol\u00f3gica (CIREN), La Habana, Cuba; Ave 25 No 15805 e/ 158 y 160, CP 11300, Playa, C Habana, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149409"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113582314","display_name":"Lilia Mar\u00eda Morales Chac\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0205-0733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0205-0733"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lilia M Morales Chac\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009723089","display_name":"Sandra Adela Orozco-Su\u00e1rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-8500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-8500"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Orozco Su\u00e1rez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056268936","display_name":"Nancy Pav\u00f3n Fuentes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-8601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-8601"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Pav\u00f3n Fuentes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009336779","display_name":"B\u00e1rbara Estupi\u00f1\u00e1n D\u00edaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00e1rbara Estupi\u00f1\u00e1n D\u00edaz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062458818","display_name":"Teresa Serrano S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-2400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-2400"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa Serrano S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047391123","display_name":"Iv\u00e1n Garc\u00eda Maeso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iv\u00e1n Garc\u00eda Maeso","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074323215","display_name":"Lu\u00edsa Rocha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4495-9427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4495-9427"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149409","display_name":"International Center of Neurologic Restoration","ror":"https://ror.org/04770s302","country_code":"CU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149409"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luisa Rocha Arrieta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jefe Departamento de Inmunoqu\u00edmica, Centro Internacional de Restauraci\u00f3n Neurol\u00f3gica (CIREN), La Habana, Cuba; Ave 25 No 15805 e/ 158 y 160, CP 11300, Playa, C Habana, Cuba,Cuba","Ave 25 No 15805 e/ 158 y 160, CP 11300, Playa, C Habana, Cuba,Cuba","Jefe Departamento de Inmunoqu\u00edmica, Centro Internacional de Restauraci\u00f3n Neurol\u00f3gica (CIREN), La Habana, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jefe Departamento de Inmunoqu\u00edmica, Centro Internacional de Restauraci\u00f3n Neurol\u00f3gica (CIREN), La Habana, Cuba; Ave 25 No 15805 e/ 158 y 160, CP 11300, Playa, C Habana, Cuba,Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149409"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ave 25 No 15805 e/ 158 y 160, CP 11300, Playa, C Habana, Cuba,Cuba","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jefe Departamento de Inmunoqu\u00edmica, Centro Internacional de Restauraci\u00f3n Neurol\u00f3gica (CIREN), La Habana, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149409"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074323215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149409"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5822,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81922885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"38","first_page":"6766","last_page":"6772"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy","display_name":"epilepsy","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-mediators","display_name":"inflammatory mediators","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-1beta","display_name":"IL-1\u03b2","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-adhesion-molecules","display_name":"adhesion molecules","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement-system","display_name":"complement system","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epileptogenesis","display_name":"epileptogenesis","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seizure-pathogenesis","display_name":"seizure pathogenesis","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy-treatment","display_name":"epilepsy treatment","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epileptogenic-focus","display_name":"epileptogenic focus","score":0.6539999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57236427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5382987","display_name":"Epileptogenesis","level":3,"score":0.9656427502632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.915397584438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87753298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157137","display_name":"Neuroinflammation","level":3,"score":0.7466583251953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.6623717546463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6180055737495422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5735860466957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781099131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744385","display_name":"Temporal lobe","level":3,"score":0.5703963041305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3263792097568512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.2965623140335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28444498777389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16226956248283386}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000893","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004827","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004827","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018836","descriptor_name":"Inflammation Mediators","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/1381612811319380009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319380009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319380009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55674637","display_name":"Current Pharmaceutical Design","issn_l":"1381-6128","issn":["1381-6128","1873-4286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Pharmaceutical Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23530510","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23530510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current pharmaceutical design","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148818981","https://openalex.org/W202176255","https://openalex.org/W1485263538","https://openalex.org/W1515994079","https://openalex.org/W1519358455","https://openalex.org/W1563061718","https://openalex.org/W1572350532","https://openalex.org/W1577220010","https://openalex.org/W1594425991","https://openalex.org/W1655860314","https://openalex.org/W1657989568","https://openalex.org/W1659625502","https://openalex.org/W1841952425","https://openalex.org/W1864558401","https://openalex.org/W1964443484","https://openalex.org/W1964717356","https://openalex.org/W1968420305","https://openalex.org/W1968659516","https://openalex.org/W1970581535","https://openalex.org/W1976582395","https://openalex.org/W1980681889","https://openalex.org/W1986909326","https://openalex.org/W1988012050","https://openalex.org/W1988802500","https://openalex.org/W1990535528","https://openalex.org/W1991763618","https://openalex.org/W1995198341","https://openalex.org/W1996354217","https://openalex.org/W2002436505","https://openalex.org/W2003907850","https://openalex.org/W2004385360","https://openalex.org/W2007530181","https://openalex.org/W2008424322","https://openalex.org/W2019222072","https://openalex.org/W2022796522","https://openalex.org/W2026628125","https://openalex.org/W2029368857","https://openalex.org/W2029376832","https://openalex.org/W2030688762","https://openalex.org/W2031603343","https://openalex.org/W2032520251","https://openalex.org/W2033242795","https://openalex.org/W2036742353","https://openalex.org/W2038981704","https://openalex.org/W2039948712","https://openalex.org/W2042792158","https://openalex.org/W2042829577","https://openalex.org/W2049106125","https://openalex.org/W2050502246","https://openalex.org/W2052106069","https://openalex.org/W2053111794","https://openalex.org/W2055394920","https://openalex.org/W2056820060","https://openalex.org/W2068929498","https://openalex.org/W2072014832","https://openalex.org/W2073007581","https://openalex.org/W2073016013","https://openalex.org/W2073367091","https://openalex.org/W2079026827","https://openalex.org/W2080685344","https://openalex.org/W2081689918","https://openalex.org/W2082982962","https://openalex.org/W2087982685","https://openalex.org/W2091016720","https://openalex.org/W2093164182","https://openalex.org/W2093439715","https://openalex.org/W2098569132","https://openalex.org/W2103195503","https://openalex.org/W2108170307","https://openalex.org/W2110877402","https://openalex.org/W2119751323","https://openalex.org/W2120003285","https://openalex.org/W2125620896","https://openalex.org/W2128463839","https://openalex.org/W2129290932","https://openalex.org/W2131362389","https://openalex.org/W2133381874","https://openalex.org/W2140790402","https://openalex.org/W2141720672","https://openalex.org/W2144996528","https://openalex.org/W2146768507","https://openalex.org/W2150047376","https://openalex.org/W2150214268","https://openalex.org/W2150641624","https://openalex.org/W2159452633","https://openalex.org/W2161456882","https://openalex.org/W2163018412","https://openalex.org/W2163801475","https://openalex.org/W2167121498","https://openalex.org/W2333219292","https://openalex.org/W3140091027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022981588","https://openalex.org/W1644127769","https://openalex.org/W4399140154","https://openalex.org/W2884335847","https://openalex.org/W2265544237","https://openalex.org/W2046989252","https://openalex.org/W2482013609","https://openalex.org/W2003646464","https://openalex.org/W2257876566","https://openalex.org/W2199795619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"All":[0],"common":[1],"contributing":[2],"factors":[3],"to":[4],"epilepsy":[5,43,128],"such":[6],"as":[7],"trauma,":[8],"malignancies":[9],"and":[10,39,69,116,122],"infections":[11],"are":[12],"accompanied":[13],"by":[14],"different":[15],"levels":[16],"of":[17,31,42,48,54,71,78,85,106,125,148],"central":[18],"nervous":[19],"system":[20],"inflammation":[21,49,126,149],"that":[22],"in":[23,50,82,87,127,150],"turn":[24],"have":[25],"been":[26,140],"associated":[27],"with":[28,89,129],"the":[29,45,76,83,95,107,111,136,145],"occurrence":[30],"seizure.":[32],"Emerging":[33],"data":[34],"from":[35],"human":[36],"brain":[37],"tissue":[38],"experimental":[40,121],"models":[41],"support":[44],"proposed":[46],"involvement":[47,77],"epilepsy.":[51,117],"Key":[52],"mediators":[53,115],"this":[55],"process":[56],"include,":[57],"among":[58],"others:":[59],"interleukin":[60],"(IL)":[61],"-1\u03b2,":[62],"IL-6,":[63],"tumor":[64],"necrosis":[65],"factor-\u03b1,":[66],"adhesion":[67],"molecules":[68],"component":[70],"complement.":[72],"Recent":[73],"advances":[74],"suggest":[75],"specific":[79],"inflammatory":[80,114],"pathways":[81],"pathogenesis":[84],"seizures":[86],"patients":[88],"pharmacoresistant":[90],"temporal":[91],"lobe":[92],"epilepsy,":[93],"highlighting":[94],"potential":[96],"for":[97],"new":[98,154],"therapeutic":[99],"strategies.":[100],"This":[101],"review":[102],"provides":[103],"an":[104],"overview":[105],"current":[108],"knowledge":[109],"on":[110,132],"relationship":[112],"between":[113],"We":[118],"also":[119],"describe":[120],"clinical":[123,133],"evidence":[124],"special":[130],"emphasis":[131],"aspects":[134],"once":[135],"epileptogenic":[137],"focus":[138],"has":[139],"resected.":[141],"Further":[142],"insight":[143],"into":[144],"complex":[146],"role":[147],"epileptogenesis":[151],"may":[152],"provide":[153],"treatment":[155],"options.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}