{"id":"https://openalex.org/W52069668","doi":null,"title":"Induction of apoptosis in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells is counteracted by flupirtine.","display_name":"Induction of apoptosis in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells is counteracted by flupirtine.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W52069668","mag":"52069668","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9191602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9191602","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9191602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069352403","display_name":"Neville N. Osborne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-734X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-734X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N N Osborne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016678467","display_name":"Chantal Cazevieille","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4113-1309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4113-1309"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Cazevieille","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002432751","display_name":"Gabriela Pergande","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Pergande","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048134789","display_name":"John P. M. Wood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-7640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-7640"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J P Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.921,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96515923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"7","first_page":"1390","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.5576000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.5576000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.2741999924182892,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.03200000151991844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flupirtine","display_name":"flupirtine","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-pigment-epithelium","display_name":"retinal pigment epithelium","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-ischemia","display_name":"retinal ischemia","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bcl-2","display_name":"Bcl-2","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tiar","display_name":"TIAR","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmda","display_name":"NMDA","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deferoxamine","display_name":"deferoxamine","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-ascorbate","display_name":"iron ascorbate","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmda-receptor-antagonist","display_name":"NMDA receptor antagonists","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-fragmentation","display_name":"DNA fragmentation","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaucoma","display_name":"glaucoma","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macular-degeneration","display_name":"macular degeneration","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegeneration-prevention","display_name":"neurodegeneration prevention","score":0.3619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.7817360758781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196795494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1624817","display_name":"TUNEL assay","level":3,"score":0.6796294450759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778271344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903395","display_name":"Agarose gel electrophoresis","level":3,"score":0.6456969380378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43759708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3749256","display_name":"DNA fragmentation","level":4,"score":0.6347149014472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.5083345770835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4822748005390167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4191582202911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.310335248708725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.3099520802497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.25033479928970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.12915492057800293}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000631","descriptor_name":"Aminopyridines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002645","descriptor_name":"Chickens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004587","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Agar Gel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010857","descriptor_name":"Pigment Epithelium of Eye","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010857","descriptor_name":"Pigment Epithelium of Eye","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010857","descriptor_name":"Pigment Epithelium of Eye","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015153","descriptor_name":"Blotting, Western","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015513","descriptor_name":"Oncogene Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015687","descriptor_name":"Cell Hypoxia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015854","descriptor_name":"Up-Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017382","descriptor_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018384","descriptor_name":"Oxidative Stress","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053938","descriptor_name":"DNA Fragmentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9191602","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9191602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:52069668","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9191602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140840617","https://openalex.org/W142053782","https://openalex.org/W1208498856","https://openalex.org/W1581878917","https://openalex.org/W1589415602","https://openalex.org/W1595972372","https://openalex.org/W1613986623","https://openalex.org/W1892554314","https://openalex.org/W1964230438","https://openalex.org/W1964836954","https://openalex.org/W1965842498","https://openalex.org/W1968631180","https://openalex.org/W1972141250","https://openalex.org/W1977707442","https://openalex.org/W1992689843","https://openalex.org/W1993411918","https://openalex.org/W1997208169","https://openalex.org/W1997251774","https://openalex.org/W2001335888","https://openalex.org/W2002155560","https://openalex.org/W2007111898","https://openalex.org/W2009271596","https://openalex.org/W2021902873","https://openalex.org/W2022301231","https://openalex.org/W2023739957","https://openalex.org/W2025369435","https://openalex.org/W2035955813","https://openalex.org/W2038688840","https://openalex.org/W2056643569","https://openalex.org/W2063960864","https://openalex.org/W2064508977","https://openalex.org/W2072894284","https://openalex.org/W2083407432","https://openalex.org/W2085239341","https://openalex.org/W2086662008","https://openalex.org/W2092808670","https://openalex.org/W2094305570","https://openalex.org/W2094566464","https://openalex.org/W2100837269","https://openalex.org/W2101108802","https://openalex.org/W2116453034","https://openalex.org/W2128635872","https://openalex.org/W2138302361","https://openalex.org/W2148219033","https://openalex.org/W2409634192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2231956811","https://openalex.org/W2128493109","https://openalex.org/W985231720","https://openalex.org/W2367433676","https://openalex.org/W2057704442","https://openalex.org/W1581878917","https://openalex.org/W3030089345","https://openalex.org/W2389251220","https://openalex.org/W2382557936","https://openalex.org/W7096250751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"The":[1,47,80,273,319],"aim":[2],"of":[3,15,34,54,71,82,104,114,120,125,133,136,154,212,230,291,333],"the":[4,13,57,69,109,126,137,166,184,235,331],"study":[5],"was":[6,89,146],"to":[7,29,97,108,203],"determine":[8],"whether":[9],"flupirtine":[10,83,155,219,265,278],"can":[11],"counteract":[12],"induction":[14,332],"apoptosis":[16,170,209,268,315,335],"in":[17,165,215,244,248,260,269,283,295,301,305,313,330,336],"cultured":[18],"retinal":[19,261,296],"pigment":[20],"epithelium":[21],"(RPE)":[22],"cells.":[23,250,271,338],"METHODS:":[24],"Confluent":[25],"cultures":[26],"were":[27,49,66,95,242],"subjected":[28,96],"experimental":[30],"ischemia":[31,98,142],"(medium":[32],"free":[33],"serum,":[35],"glucose,":[36],"and":[37,60,111,193,202,240,298],"oxygen)":[38],"with":[39,78,218],"or":[40,160],"without":[41],"various":[42,302],"substances":[43],"for":[44,52,68,99,143,224,238],"specific":[45],"periods.":[46],"cells":[48,65,94,105,127,140,214,246],"then":[50],"examined":[51],"breakdown":[53],"DNA":[55,121,138],"by":[56,122,149,286,317],"TUNEL":[58],"procedure":[59],"agarose":[61,150],"gel":[62,151],"electrophoresis.":[63,152],"Moreover":[64],"processed":[67],"localization":[70],"oncogene":[72,236,303],"proteins":[73,237],"(bcl-2,":[74],"TIAR,":[75],"ICH-1t)":[76],"associated":[77],"apoptosis.":[79,134,287],"effect":[81],"on":[84],"reactive":[85,256,292],"oxygen":[86,257,293],"species":[87,258,294],"also":[88,147,322],"determined.":[90],"RESULTS:":[91],"When":[92],"RPE":[93,213,270,306],"72":[100,144,173,225],"hours":[101,145,226],"approximately":[102,112],"65%":[103,113],"remained":[106],"attached":[107],"coverslips":[110],"their":[115],"nuclei":[116],"showed":[117],"clear":[118],"fragmentation":[119],"TUNEL.":[123],"Most":[124],"exhibited":[128],"a":[129,198,204],"shrunken":[130],"appearance":[131],"typical":[132],"Fragmentation":[135],"from":[139],"given":[141],"confirmed":[148],"Inclusion":[153],"(flupirtine":[156,220],"gluconate,":[157,221],"100":[158,222],"microM)":[159,179,182,196,223],"10%":[161],"fetal":[162],"calf":[163],"serum":[164],"medium":[167,217],"prevented":[168],"ischemia-induced":[169,267,334],"occurring":[171],"after":[172],"hours.":[174],"Neither":[175],"N-methyl-D-aspartate":[176],"(NMDA)":[177],"(100":[178,181,188,191],"nondeferoxamine":[180],"nor":[183],"NMDA":[185,325],"antagonists":[186],"dextromethorphan":[187],"microM),":[189,192],"memantine":[190],"MK-801":[194],"(10":[195],"had":[197],"similar":[199],"effect.":[200],"NMDA,":[201],"lesser":[205],"extent":[206],"memantine,":[207],"induced":[208,316],"independently.":[210],"Treatment":[211],"serum-free":[216],"caused":[227],"an":[228,280],"upregulation":[229],"bcl-2":[231],"protein.":[232],"In":[233],"contrast,":[234],"TIAR":[239],"ICH-1t,":[241],"lower":[243],"flupirtine-treated":[245],"than":[247],"control":[249],"Flupirtine,":[251],"like":[252],"deferoxamine,":[253],"prevents":[254,266],"iron-ascorbate-induced":[255],"formation":[259,290],"cells,":[262],"but":[263],"only":[264],"CONCLUSIONS:":[272],"combined":[274],"data":[275],"demonstrate":[276],"that":[277,324],"is":[279],"effective":[281],"agent":[282],"preventing":[284,314],"death":[285],"Flupirtine":[288],"reduces":[289],"dissociates":[297],"causes":[299],"changes":[300],"products":[304],"cultures,":[307],"which":[308],"may":[309],"explain":[310],"its":[311],"action":[312],"ischemia.":[318],"current":[320],"results":[321],"suggest":[323],"receptors":[326],"are":[327],"not":[328],"involved":[329],"RPE,":[337]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
