{"id":"https://openalex.org/W51549695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1141469","title":"Judicial Backgrounds and Criminal Cases","display_name":"Judicial Backgrounds and Criminal Cases","publication_year":1962,"publication_date":"1962-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W51549695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1141469","mag":"51549695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1141469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1141469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1141469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205249","display_name":"The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science","issn_l":"0022-0205","issn":["0022-0205","2160-0333"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109859799","display_name":"Stuart S. Nagel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stuart S. Nagel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109859799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":67.3333,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99544968,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"3","first_page":"333","last_page":"333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.8881999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.8881999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.03519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.034299999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-decision-making","display_name":"judicial decision-making","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-cases","display_name":"criminal cases","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-attitudes","display_name":"judicial attitudes","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-characteristics","display_name":"judicial characteristics","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-behavior","display_name":"judicial behavior","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice","display_name":"criminal justice","score":0.3449999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4956244230270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.44468677043914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504945742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146071","display_name":"Criminal procedure","level":2,"score":0.414273202419281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3995867073535919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35799440741539}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1141469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1141469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1141469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205249","display_name":"The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science","issn_l":"0022-0205","issn":["0022-0205","2160-0333"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu:jclc-5105","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol53/iss3/6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094007273","https://openalex.org/W2431118435","https://openalex.org/W4391511837","https://openalex.org/W2619390081","https://openalex.org/W1967827389","https://openalex.org/W138639578","https://openalex.org/W2588250213","https://openalex.org/W2164581246","https://openalex.org/W2324731930","https://openalex.org/W1980303630"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0],"scholars":[1,37],"of":[2,14,32,38,50,69,76,90],"the":[3,12,30,33,39,46,67,70,74,81],"judicial":[4,40],"process":[5,41],"have":[6,19,42,56],"compiled":[7,43],"data":[8,44],"on":[9,45],"differences":[10,28,65],"in":[11,29,66,95],"backgrounds":[13,68],"American":[15,51],"judges,":[16,52],"but":[17,53],"they":[18,54],"not":[20,57],"shown":[21,58],"that":[22,59],"these":[23,60],"background":[24,86],"characteristics":[25,89],"correlate":[26,63],"with":[27,64],"decisions":[31,94],"judges":[34,91],"analyzed.'Various":[35],"other":[36],"different":[47],"decisional":[48,61],"tendencies":[49],"similarly":[55],"propensities":[62],"judiciary.":[71],"2It":[72],"is":[73],"purpose":[75],"this":[77],"paper":[78],"to":[79],"explore":[80],"empirical":[82],"relationships":[83],"between":[84],"various":[85],"and":[87,92],"attitudinal":[88],"their":[93],"criminal":[96],"cases.":[97],"3":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
