{"id":"https://openalex.org/W51016171","doi":null,"title":"Thought Experimenting as Mental Modeling: Empiricism without Logic","display_name":"Thought Experimenting as Mental Modeling: Empiricism without Logic","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W51016171","mag":"51016171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:51016171","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/NERJRB","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76039225","display_name":"Croatian Journal of Philosophy","issn_l":"1333-1108","issn":["1333-1108","1847-6139"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210094658","host_organization_name":"Institut za filozofiju","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Croatian Journal of Philosophy","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073390127","display_name":"Nancy J. Nersessian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-5234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-5234"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nancy J. Nersessian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-5234","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073390127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84717003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"20","first_page":"125","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Logic and Philosophy of Science","score":0.07169999927282333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thought-experiments","display_name":"thought experiments","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-models","display_name":"mental models","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-reasoning","display_name":"scientific reasoning","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-reasoning","display_name":"empirical reasoning","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"simulation","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-representation","display_name":"scientific representation","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propositional-reasoning","display_name":"propositional reasoning","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-creativity","display_name":"scientific creativity","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-epistemology","display_name":"epistemology of science","score":0.6959999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6941176056861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6807074546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36790819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83368","display_name":"Empiricism","level":2,"score":0.6757374405860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96199812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145290","display_name":"Mental representation","level":3,"score":0.6090190410614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6066994071006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4823255240917206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4797026813030243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.4699029326438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97364631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484284","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.43975111842155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69562738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200694","display_name":"Propositional calculus","level":2,"score":0.43383413553237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35245317220687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.2945047616958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2297690510749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:51016171","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/NERJRB","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76039225","display_name":"Croatian Journal of Philosophy","issn_l":"1333-1108","issn":["1333-1108","1847-6139"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210094658","host_organization_name":"Institut za filozofiju","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Croatian Journal of Philosophy","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241079863","https://openalex.org/W115094547","https://openalex.org/W7128993851","https://openalex.org/W2485209671","https://openalex.org/W2298150189","https://openalex.org/W6991948137","https://openalex.org/W2488252764","https://openalex.org/W766315236","https://openalex.org/W3160248212","https://openalex.org/W1977329494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"paper":[1],"argues":[2],"that":[3,29,33,49,112],"the":[4,14],"practice":[5],"of":[6,16,19,45,53,64,75,84,88,103,120],"thought":[7,37,55,69,97],"experimenting":[8,38,70,107],"enables":[9],"scientists":[10],"to":[11],"follow":[12],"through":[13],"implications":[15],"a":[17,54,61,65,72,80,85,93,100],"way":[18],"representing":[20],"nature":[21],"by":[22,51],"simulating":[23,60],"an":[24],"exemplary":[25],"or":[26],"representative":[27,66],"situation":[28],"is":[30,48,71,79,91],"feasible":[31],"within":[32],"representation.":[34],"What":[35],"distinguishes":[36],"from":[39,114],"logical":[40],"argument":[41],"and":[42,59,109,117],"other":[43],"forms":[44],"propositional":[46],"reasoning":[47,50],"means":[52],"experiment":[56],"involves":[57],"constructing":[58],"mental":[62],"model":[63],"situation.":[67],"Although":[68],"creative":[73],"part":[74],"scientific":[76,96],"practice,":[77],"it":[78],"highly":[81],"refined":[82],"extension":[83],"mundane":[86],"form":[87],"reasoning.":[89],"It":[90],"not":[92],"mystery":[94],"why":[95],"experiments":[98],"are":[99],"reliable":[101],"source":[102],"empirical":[104],"insights.":[105],"Thought":[106],"uses":[108],"manipulates":[110],"representations":[111],"derive":[113],"real-world":[115],"experiences":[116],"our":[118],"conceptualizations":[119],"them.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}