{"id":"https://openalex.org/W5098620","doi":null,"title":"Insuring Existence of Vacuum Energy to Keep Computational \u201cBITS\u201d Present at Start of Cosmological Evolution, Even if Initial Spatial Radius Goes to Zero, not Planck Length","display_name":"Insuring Existence of Vacuum Energy to Keep Computational \u201cBITS\u201d Present at Start of Cosmological Evolution, Even if Initial Spatial Radius Goes to Zero, not Planck Length","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W5098620","mag":"5098620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1004.8554","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1004.8554","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://vixra.org/pdf/1208.0072v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008996453","display_name":"Andrew Walcott Beckwith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2223-6888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2223-6888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Beckwith","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Univ. of Houston]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Univ. of Houston]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008996453"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00048376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.8223000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.8223000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.14339999854564667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.020600000396370888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vacuum-energy","display_name":"vacuum energy","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entanglement-entropy","display_name":"entanglement entropy","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-universe","display_name":"early universe","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initial-singularity","display_name":"initial singularity","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformal-time","display_name":"conformal time","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmological-horizon","display_name":"cosmological horizon","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planck-length","display_name":"Planck length","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-dimensional-embedding","display_name":"higher-dimensional embedding","score":0.6470000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.7092516422271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6650490760803223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6278959512710571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53104380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4327971","display_name":"Zero-point energy","level":2,"score":0.5872164964675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.5257381200790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5242959856987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6947382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143773","display_name":"Vacuum energy","level":2,"score":0.5188494920730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.50870281457901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.48435959219932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4513489603996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166126730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725309","display_name":"Planck","level":2,"score":0.44520846009254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3598148226737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.1121205985546112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09975838661193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1004.8554","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1004.8554","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://vixra.org/pdf/1208.0072v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:5098620","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vixra.org/pdf/1208.0072v1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2883122597","display_name":"viXra","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"viXra","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152893391","https://openalex.org/W335573993","https://openalex.org/W952485567","https://openalex.org/W1660549580","https://openalex.org/W1702266962","https://openalex.org/W1978353681","https://openalex.org/W1983372636","https://openalex.org/W1988344789","https://openalex.org/W1993466133","https://openalex.org/W2001460116","https://openalex.org/W2019381976","https://openalex.org/W2034171000","https://openalex.org/W2050239830","https://openalex.org/W2084934287","https://openalex.org/W2094640392","https://openalex.org/W2146508674","https://openalex.org/W2147285396","https://openalex.org/W2153203651","https://openalex.org/W2341717837","https://openalex.org/W2740671486","https://openalex.org/W2951543589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2276938241","https://openalex.org/W2086264074","https://openalex.org/W2157479649","https://openalex.org/W7095833661","https://openalex.org/W211712367","https://openalex.org/W4398181160","https://openalex.org/W2123519010","https://openalex.org/W201407308","https://openalex.org/W7097332241","https://openalex.org/W7100575764"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"initial":[1,56],"radius":[2,69],"0initialR":[3,117],"\u2192":[4],"if":[5,84,116,143],"Stoica":[6],"actually":[7],"derived":[8],"Einstein":[9],"equations":[10],"in":[11,34,71,104],"a":[12,39,62,65,96,154,164,195],"formalism":[13],"which":[14],"remove":[15],"the":[16,22,35,85,108,122,151,160,170,185,189],"big":[17],"bang":[18],"singularity":[19],"pathology,":[20],"then":[21],"reason":[23],"for":[24,64,80,110,129],"Planck":[25],"length":[26,89,146],"no":[27],"longer":[28],"holds..":[29],"We":[30,119,134],"present":[31],"entanglement":[32,138,175],"entropy":[33,139],"early":[36],"universe":[37,193],"with":[38,73],"shrinking":[40],"scale":[41],"factor,":[42],"due":[43,54],"to":[44,55,91,132,150],"Muller":[45],"and":[46,48,103,203,205],"Lousto,":[47],"show":[49],"that":[50,121,137,169],"there":[51],"are":[52],"consequences":[53],"entanged":[57],"2":[58],"2.3Entropy":[59],"HS":[60],"r":[61],"=":[63,79],"time":[66],"dependent":[67],"horizon":[68],"Hr":[70,77],"cosmology,":[72],"(flat":[74],"space":[75],"conditions)":[76],"\u03b7":[78],"conformal":[81],"time.":[82],"Even":[83],"3":[86],"dimensional":[87,145,156,192,197],"spatial":[88],"goes":[90],"zero.":[92],"This":[93],"construction":[94],"preserves":[95],"minimum":[97],"non":[98,173],"zero":[99,174],"\u039b":[100],"vacuum":[101],"energy,":[102],"doing":[105],"so":[106,168],"keep":[107],"bits,":[109],"computational":[111,125],"bits":[112,126],"cosmological":[113,130],"evolution":[114,131],"even":[115,142],"\u2192.":[118],"state":[120,136],"presence":[123,171],"of":[124,153,166,172],"is":[127,148,184],"necessary":[128],"commence.":[133],"also":[135],"not":[140],"disappearing":[141],"4":[144,191],"disappears":[147],"similar":[149],"problem":[152],"higher":[155,196],"surface":[157],"area":[158],"at":[159],"tangential":[161],"sheet":[162],"intersecting":[163],"point":[165],"space-time,":[167],"entropy,":[176],"embedded":[177],"on":[178],"an":[179],"infinitesmally":[180],"thick":[181],"space-time":[182],"thickness":[183],"same":[186],"as":[187,199],"embedding":[188],"known":[190],"into":[194],"structure,":[198],"hypothesized":[200],"by":[201],"Steinhardt":[202],"Turok":[204],"Durrer.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}