{"id":"https://openalex.org/W50930683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s002214300001131x","title":"An Inexpensive Remote Snow-Depth Gauge based on Ultrasonic Wave Reflection from the Snow Surface","display_name":"An Inexpensive Remote Snow-Depth Gauge based on Ultrasonic Wave Reflection from the Snow Surface","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W50930683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s002214300001131x","mag":"50930683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3189/s002214300001131x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s002214300001131x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s002214300001131x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Glaciology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/94F53C0C2DDB3DAEF7ABC39DDAD04A16/S002214300001131Xa.pdf/div-class-title-an-inexpensive-remote-snow-depth-gauge-based-on-ultrasonic-wave-reflection-from-the-snow-surface-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065978077","display_name":"H. Gubler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256944","display_name":"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF","ror":"https://ror.org/04pzmmv39","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456","https://openalex.org/I4405256944"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. Gubler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eidg. Institut fur Schnee- und Lawinenforschung, 7260 Weissfluhjoch/Davos, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eidg. Institut fur Schnee- und Lawinenforschung, 7260 Weissfluhjoch/Davos, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256944"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065978077"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256944"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1957,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74138622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"95","first_page":"157","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13420","display_name":"Arduino and IoT Applications","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-depth-measurement","display_name":"snow depth measurement","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-reflection","display_name":"ultrasonic reflection","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"remote sensing","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-flight","display_name":"time-of-flight","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-instrumentation","display_name":"low-cost instrumentation","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-powered-sensors","display_name":"battery-powered sensors","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack","display_name":"snowpack","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.9379074573516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7996212244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.661392092704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.5934014916419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5857619643211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4589899182319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.4336357116699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4196040630340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3899802565574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3396455645561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.22877678275108337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21607276797294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10592234134674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09050703048706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0855431854724884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08295682072639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3189/s002214300001131x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s002214300001131x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s002214300001131x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Glaciology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1017/s002214300001131x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002214300001131x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002214300001131x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/94F53C0C2DDB3DAEF7ABC39DDAD04A16/S002214300001131Xa.pdf/div-class-title-an-inexpensive-remote-snow-depth-gauge-based-on-ultrasonic-wave-reflection-from-the-snow-surface-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Glaciology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s002214300001131x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002214300001131x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002214300001131x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/94F53C0C2DDB3DAEF7ABC39DDAD04A16/S002214300001131Xa.pdf/div-class-title-an-inexpensive-remote-snow-depth-gauge-based-on-ultrasonic-wave-reflection-from-the-snow-surface-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Glaciology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W50930683.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W50930683.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015795766","https://openalex.org/W2160861907","https://openalex.org/W1966718603","https://openalex.org/W1967676753","https://openalex.org/W50050091","https://openalex.org/W3013064717","https://openalex.org/W2131373907","https://openalex.org/W2154607677","https://openalex.org/W2144950260","https://openalex.org/W3159729919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Total":[1],"snow":[2,24,30,61],"depth":[3],"is":[4,40,66],"determined":[5],"by":[6,76],"measuring":[7],"the":[8,23,29,34,60],"time":[9,44],"of":[10,12],"flight":[11],"an":[13],"ultrasonic":[14],"wave":[15],"packet":[16],"emitted":[17],"from":[18,28],"a":[19,77],"sonic":[20],"transmitter":[21],"above":[22,59],"surface":[25,31],"and":[26,52,72],"reflected":[27],"back":[32],"to":[33,56,82],"receiver/transmitter":[35],"system.":[36],"The":[37,63],"light-weight":[38],"system":[39,80],"battery":[41,46],"powered":[42],"(operating":[43],"without":[45],"change":[47],"at":[48],"least":[49],"8":[50],"months)":[51],"can":[53],"be":[54],"fixed":[55],"any":[57],"post":[58],"surface.":[62],"absolute":[64],"precision":[65],"better":[67],"than":[68],"\u00b10.03":[69],"m.":[70],"Data":[71],"commands":[73],"are":[74],"transmitted":[75],"single":[78],"two-wire":[79],"up":[81],"several":[83],"kilometres.":[84]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
