{"id":"https://openalex.org/W50690215","doi":null,"title":"Breast-feeding patterns and factors determining exclusive breast-feeding.","display_name":"Breast-feeding patterns and factors determining exclusive breast-feeding.","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W50690215","mag":"50690215","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19122951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:19122951","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19122951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Singapore medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073157430","display_name":"Ali Koosha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116768543","display_name":"Zanjan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01xf7jb19","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116768543"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Koosha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-asr Hospital, Sheikh Fazlolah Noori Avenue, Zanjan 45157-77978, Iran. koosha@doctor.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-asr Hospital, Sheikh Fazlolah Noori Avenue, Zanjan 45157-77978, Iran. koosha@doctor.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116768543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085698498","display_name":"R Hashemifesharaki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Hashemifesharaki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007053478","display_name":"Seyed Nouraddin Mousavinasab","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Mousavinasab","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9084815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"12","first_page":"1002","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10979","display_name":"Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10979","display_name":"Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11294","display_name":"Infant Nutrition and Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exclusive-breastfeeding","display_name":"exclusive breastfeeding","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-demand-feeding","display_name":"demand feeding","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breastfeeding-frequency","display_name":"breastfeeding frequency","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-weight","display_name":"birth weight","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pacifier-use","display_name":"pacifier use","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-pregnancy","display_name":"multiple pregnancy","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breastfeeding-initiation","display_name":"breastfeeding initiation","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-feeding","display_name":"infant feeding","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.5590000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8392879962921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202712171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152596","display_name":"Pacifier","level":3,"score":0.8344252109527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020294031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breast feeding","level":2,"score":0.8250137567520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5474342703819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5103013515472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4969837963581085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breastfeeding","level":2,"score":0.49407342076301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4857959747314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63428231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9043","display_name":"Norwegian","level":2,"score":0.4538726210594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775871700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22728","display_name":"Breast milk","level":2,"score":0.4512743353843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.3270639181137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.22700628638267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14942067861557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.14647537469863892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07424819469451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001903","descriptor_name":"Bottle Feeding","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001942","descriptor_name":"Breast Feeding","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007225","descriptor_name":"Infant Food","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007492","descriptor_name":"Iran","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:19122951","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19122951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Singapore medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:50690215","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19122951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6735000014305115}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43413853","https://openalex.org/W163379852","https://openalex.org/W1873748577","https://openalex.org/W1936276642","https://openalex.org/W1969915796","https://openalex.org/W1973310078","https://openalex.org/W1978500069","https://openalex.org/W1988202520","https://openalex.org/W1999388247","https://openalex.org/W2014118626","https://openalex.org/W2017840276","https://openalex.org/W2027118031","https://openalex.org/W2081239906","https://openalex.org/W2102816965","https://openalex.org/W2105854579","https://openalex.org/W2111508879","https://openalex.org/W2147401450","https://openalex.org/W2189880526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1141376088","https://openalex.org/W1611676411","https://openalex.org/W4392523739","https://openalex.org/W2926172835","https://openalex.org/W1721284134","https://openalex.org/W2111190994","https://openalex.org/W3157700169","https://openalex.org/W3135750719","https://openalex.org/W2268567735","https://openalex.org/W4311486921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Breast-feeding":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3],"major":[4],"determinant":[5],"of":[6,13,24,39,44,49,56,76,84,95,105,122,174,187,206,220],"infants'":[7],"health":[8],"and":[9,21,72,147,170,190,195],"survival.":[10],"The":[11,31,64,82,120,185,204],"aim":[12],"this":[14],"study":[15,32],"was":[16,33,67,86,107,125,161,209],"to":[17,113,154,166,177,216],"examine":[18],"breast-feeding":[19,85,98,124,188,208],"patterns":[20,75],"the":[22,36,73,92,101,117,172,201,218],"role":[23,219],"some":[25],"factors":[26],"on":[27,69,131,227],"exclusive":[28,123,207,228],"breast-feeding.":[29,229],"METHODS:":[30],"done":[34],"at":[35,116,193],"Health":[37],"Centre":[38],"Community":[40],"Oriented":[41],"Medical":[42],"Education":[43],"Zanjan":[45],"City,":[46],"Iran.":[47],"Mothers":[48],"650":[50],"infants":[51,78,128,164],"younger":[52],"than":[53,88,140,180,200],"one":[54],"year":[55,94],"age":[57],"were":[58,79,130,198],"interviewed":[59],"directly":[60],"by":[61],"healthcare":[62],"providers.":[63],"necessary":[65,215],"information":[66],"recorded":[68],"pre-structured":[70],"questionnaires,":[71],"feeding":[74,133],"all":[77],"determined.":[80],"RESULTS:":[81],"rate":[83,99,205],"greater":[87],"92":[89],"percent":[90,115],"during":[91],"first":[93,102,118],"life.":[96],"Exclusive":[97],"in":[100,127],"five":[103],"days":[104],"life":[106],"82":[108],"percent,":[109],"but":[110],"it":[111],"declined":[112],"44":[114,211],"month.":[119],"chance":[121,160],"higher":[126,199],"who":[129],"demand":[132],"(odds":[134],"ratio":[135],"[OR]":[136],"2.6),":[137],"breastfed":[138],"more":[139,179],"eight":[141],"times":[142],"per":[143],"day":[144],"(OR":[145,157,168,182],"2.23),":[146],"their":[148],"birth":[149],"weight":[150],"ranged":[151],"from":[152],"2.5":[153],"4":[155],"kg":[156],"2.16).":[158],"This":[159],"less":[162],"among":[163],"exposed":[165],"pacifiers":[167],"2.62)":[169],"with":[171],"numbers":[173],"deliveries":[175],"equal":[176],"or":[178],"three":[181],"2.25).":[183],"CONCLUSION:":[184],"rates":[186],"initiation":[189],"its":[191],"duration":[192],"six":[194],"12":[196],"months":[197],"national":[202],"goal.":[203],"nearly":[210],"percent.":[212],"It":[213],"seems":[214],"elucidate":[217],"other":[221],"factors,":[222],"such":[223],"as":[224],"socioeconomic":[225],"status,":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}