{"id":"https://openalex.org/W50609982","doi":null,"title":"Macular degeneration: how big is the problem?","display_name":"Macular degeneration: how big is the problem?","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W50609982","mag":"50609982","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1404464","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2571795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1404464","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1404464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2571795/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011502966","display_name":"E. Cheraskin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E Cheraskin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama Medical Center, Birmingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama Medical Center, Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011502966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00580733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"10","first_page":"873","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macular-degeneration","display_name":"macular degeneration","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence","display_name":"incidence","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-continuum","display_name":"disease continuum","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-detection","display_name":"early detection","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-prevention","display_name":"primary prevention","score":0.8180000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776403814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27429789","display_name":"Macular degeneration","level":2,"score":0.8824672698974609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779354088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15467261","display_name":"Degeneration (medical)","level":2,"score":0.6540359258651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6461613178253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.4405423700809479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780929884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Blindness","level":2,"score":0.41542309522628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.37546226382255554}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003718","descriptor_name":"Denmark","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009520","descriptor_name":"New Zealand","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1404464","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1404464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2571795","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2571795/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:50609982","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1404464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2571795","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2571795/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37726292","https://openalex.org/W54927659","https://openalex.org/W2004273134","https://openalex.org/W2034804871","https://openalex.org/W2039950929","https://openalex.org/W2081972722","https://openalex.org/W2088955695","https://openalex.org/W2095077341","https://openalex.org/W2217612888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255365998","https://openalex.org/W3177460632","https://openalex.org/W2417595458","https://openalex.org/W2969630964","https://openalex.org/W2059935183","https://openalex.org/W4298178432","https://openalex.org/W3018021568","https://openalex.org/W4414344254","https://openalex.org/W744516237","https://openalex.org/W80660555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Almost":[0,31],"every":[1,32],"report":[2,33],"on":[3,103],"macular":[4,12,107,117,140],"degeneration":[5,13,108,141],"begins":[6],"with":[7,84],"a":[8,110,125,157],"somber":[9],"reminder":[10],"that":[11,36,106],"is":[14,38,59,81,109,142],"the":[15,23,26,52,63,68,92,98,104,153],"single":[16],"most":[17],"common":[18],"cause":[19],"of":[20,54,65,129,131,156],"blindness":[21],"in":[22,25,71,77,124],"elderly":[24],"United":[27],"States":[28],"and":[29,73,113],"Europe.":[30],"also":[34],"confirms":[35],"there":[37],"no":[39,87],"known":[40,82],"successful":[41],"approach":[42],"to":[43,61],"slowing,":[44],"stopping,":[45],"reversing,":[46],"or":[47,159],"preventing":[48],"this":[49,149],"syndrome.":[50],"In":[51],"light":[53],"these":[55],"devastating":[56],"statements,":[57],"it":[58],"difficult":[60],"explain":[62],"paucity":[64],"information":[66],"about":[67],"disease":[69],"process":[70],"general":[72],"its":[74],"epidemiologic":[75],"implications":[76],"particular.":[78],"What":[79],"little":[80],"deals":[83],"prevalence":[85,99],"rates;":[86],"figures":[88],"are":[89,101],"available":[90],"regarding":[91],"incidence.":[93],"Additionally,":[94],"almost":[95],"without":[96],"exception,":[97],"numbers":[100],"based":[102],"assumption":[105],"binomial":[111],"(black":[112],"white)":[114],"problem.":[115],"However,":[116],"degeneration,":[118],"like":[119],"all":[120],"chronic":[121],"diseases,":[122],"exists":[123],"potentially":[126],"infinite":[127],"number":[128],"shades":[130],"gray.":[132],"Hence,":[133],"when":[134],"viewed":[135],"as":[136],"an":[137],"achromatic":[138],"continuum,":[139],"more":[143],"prevalent":[144],"than":[145],"generally":[146],"believed.":[147],"Recognizing":[148],"disorder":[150],"earlier":[151],"invites":[152],"greater":[154],"possibility":[155],"cure":[158],"primary":[160],"prevention.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}