{"id":"https://openalex.org/W50535118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-764-5:417","title":"Genomic Efforts With Biodefense Pathogens","display_name":"Genomic Efforts With Biodefense Pathogens","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W50535118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-764-5:417","mag":"50535118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1385/1-59259-764-5:417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-764-5:417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-764-5:417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463399","display_name":"Humana Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315801","host_organization_name":"Humana Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315801","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Humana Press","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Weapons Defense","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2496671254","display_name":"Biological Weapons Defense"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051691999","display_name":"R. Seshadri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-2900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-2900"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rekha Seshadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville","The Institute for Genomic Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for Genomic Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050672427","display_name":"Timothy D. Read","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-9680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-9680"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy D. Read","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville","The Institute for Genomic Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for Genomic Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023016225","display_name":"William C. Nierman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0425-9840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0425-9840"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William C. Nierman","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville","The Institute for Genomic Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for Genomic Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069669892","display_name":"Ian T. Paulsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9015-9418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9015-9418"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian T. Paulsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville","The Institute for Genomic Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for Genomic Research","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01938462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"417","last_page":"433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13055","display_name":"Global Security and Public Health","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodefense","display_name":"biodefense","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-warfare","display_name":"biological warfare","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioterrorism","display_name":"bioterrorism","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-research","display_name":"genomic research","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthrax","display_name":"anthrax","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallpox","display_name":"smallpox","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plague","display_name":"plague","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tularemia","display_name":"tularemia","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brucellosis","display_name":"brucellosis","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-fever","display_name":"Q fever","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botulism","display_name":"botulism","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glanders","display_name":"glanders","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcal-enterotoxin-b","display_name":"staphylococcal enterotoxin B","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yersinia-pestis","display_name":"Yersinia pestis","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/francisella-tularensis","display_name":"Francisella tularensis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-anthracis","display_name":"Bacillus anthracis","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brucella","display_name":"Brucella","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridium-botulinum","display_name":"Clostridium botulinum","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burkholderia-mallei","display_name":"Burkholderia mallei","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coxiella-burnetii","display_name":"Coxiella burnetii","score":0.8370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59411770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242560","display_name":"Biological warfare","level":2,"score":0.8968305587768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780467176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003460","display_name":"Francisella tularensis","level":4,"score":0.8200626969337463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775983634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153861","display_name":"Tularemia","level":2,"score":0.8003021478652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778545548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914739","display_name":"Biodefense","level":2,"score":0.7502105236053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778417375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12214","display_name":"Smallpox","level":3,"score":0.6378087997436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778222588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153875","display_name":"Yersinia pestis","level":4,"score":0.6275556087493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778059882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133780","display_name":"Plague (disease)","level":2,"score":0.599382758140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780239966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614156","display_name":"Bacillus anthracis","level":3,"score":0.4604843556880951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776607032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133971","display_name":"Coxiella burnetii","level":2,"score":0.4569563865661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.44272732734680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.381418913602829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.36822131276130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.33207663893699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3066045045852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.20458048582077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.15373849868774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10065212845802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1385/1-59259-764-5:417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-764-5:417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-764-5:417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463399","display_name":"Humana Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315801","host_organization_name":"Humana Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315801","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Humana Press","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Weapons Defense","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150292584","https://openalex.org/W1544295159","https://openalex.org/W1560516620","https://openalex.org/W1765159576","https://openalex.org/W1765888134","https://openalex.org/W1833461487","https://openalex.org/W1878755196","https://openalex.org/W1883203342","https://openalex.org/W1906629914","https://openalex.org/W1914961287","https://openalex.org/W1939582202","https://openalex.org/W1963563104","https://openalex.org/W1965186407","https://openalex.org/W1970370314","https://openalex.org/W1971403296","https://openalex.org/W1979390293","https://openalex.org/W1984345785","https://openalex.org/W1992256609","https://openalex.org/W2012547270","https://openalex.org/W2017724998","https://openalex.org/W2019043620","https://openalex.org/W2032870665","https://openalex.org/W2045765967","https://openalex.org/W2055043387","https://openalex.org/W2065482860","https://openalex.org/W2074843227","https://openalex.org/W2077128272","https://openalex.org/W2085662298","https://openalex.org/W2088732289","https://openalex.org/W2093975175","https://openalex.org/W2101899844","https://openalex.org/W2104649224","https://openalex.org/W2105077075","https://openalex.org/W2109336572","https://openalex.org/W2109867978","https://openalex.org/W2111771767","https://openalex.org/W2113777669","https://openalex.org/W2116372830","https://openalex.org/W2120441109","https://openalex.org/W2124672930","https://openalex.org/W2124849606","https://openalex.org/W2126161931","https://openalex.org/W2127335580","https://openalex.org/W2133253129","https://openalex.org/W2136868325","https://openalex.org/W2139220679","https://openalex.org/W2141885858","https://openalex.org/W2145282362","https://openalex.org/W2146755217","https://openalex.org/W2147129108","https://openalex.org/W2149731513","https://openalex.org/W2151361725","https://openalex.org/W2151920136","https://openalex.org/W2156650715","https://openalex.org/W2156990747","https://openalex.org/W2163933295","https://openalex.org/W2164698321","https://openalex.org/W2287414260","https://openalex.org/W2421044681","https://openalex.org/W2579793401","https://openalex.org/W3042198162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2396486287","https://openalex.org/W2592047055","https://openalex.org/W4255648601","https://openalex.org/W2080151068","https://openalex.org/W2428697314","https://openalex.org/W4240079511","https://openalex.org/W2480754551","https://openalex.org/W4251518690","https://openalex.org/W4238453156","https://openalex.org/W1985014892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Events":[0],"following":[1],"the":[2,19,35,42,46,64,73,174],"attacks":[3],"on":[4,11,24,95],"New":[5],"York":[6],"City":[7],"and":[8,28,52,66,81,91,109,154,170],"Washington,":[9],"DC":[10],"September":[12],"11,":[13],"2001,":[14],"have":[15],"served":[16],"to":[17,33,37,62,88,105,167],"underscore":[18],"need":[20],"for":[21,118],"extensive":[22],"research":[23],"biological":[25,57,69,119],"warfare":[26,70,120],"(BW)":[27],"other":[29,89],"agents":[30,97,163],"in":[31,59,72,78,173],"order":[32],"aid":[34],"initiative":[36],"fight":[38],"terrorism":[39],"worldwide.":[40],"During":[41],"Cold":[43],"War":[44],"era,":[45],"former":[47],"USSR":[48],"covertly":[49],"developed,":[50],"tested,":[51],"stockpiled":[53],"immense":[54],"amounts":[55],"of":[56,98,102,161,177],"weapons":[58],"an":[60],"effort":[61],"build":[63],"largest":[65],"most":[67],"advanced":[68],"program":[71],"world.":[74],"The":[75],"knowledge":[76],"developed":[77],"these":[79,96,162],"laboratories":[80],"manufacturing":[82],"sites":[83],"has":[84],"since":[85],"undoubtedly":[86],"spread":[87],"regimes":[90],"terrorist":[92],"organizations.":[93],"Research":[94],"bioterrorism":[99],"concern":[100],"is":[101],"highest":[103],"priority":[104],"enhance":[106],"diagnostic,":[107],"preventative,":[108],"therapeutic":[110],"measures.":[111],"Pathogens":[112],"that":[113],"may":[114],"be":[115],"potentially":[116],"adapted":[117],"include":[121],"those":[122],"causing":[123],"smallpox":[124],"(Variola),":[125],"anthrax":[126],"(Bacillus":[127],"anthracis),":[128],"plague":[129],"(Yersinia":[130],"pestis),":[131],"tularemia":[132],"(Francisella":[133],"tularensis),":[134],"brucellosis":[135],"(Brucella":[136],"abortus,":[137],"B.":[138,140,142],"melitensis,":[139],"suis,":[141],"canis),":[143],"Q":[144],"fever":[145],"(Coxiella":[146],"burnetii),":[147],"botulism":[148],"(Clostridium":[149],"botulinum),":[150],"glanders":[151],"(Burkholderia":[152],"mallei),":[153],"enterotoxin":[155],"B":[156],"producing":[157],"Staphylococcus":[158],"spp.":[159],"All":[160],"constitute":[164],"considerable":[165],"threat":[166],"military":[168],"personnel":[169],"civilians":[171],"alike":[172],"dreaded":[175],"event":[176],"a":[178],"bioterrorist":[179],"affront.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}