{"id":"https://openalex.org/W5051228","doi":null,"title":"Fetus as Human Being: Where is the Cut-off Point?","display_name":"Fetus as Human Being: Where is the Cut-off Point?","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W5051228","mag":"5051228","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23908716","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3713799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2724133","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3713799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3713799","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111143491","display_name":"Soroush Dabbagh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soroush Dabbagh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Iranian Institute of Philosophy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Iranian Institute of Philosophy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111143491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00102173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"2","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abortion","display_name":"abortion","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personhood","display_name":"personhood","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetus","display_name":"fetus","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-status","display_name":"moral status","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infanticide","display_name":"infanticide","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-status-of-the-fetus","display_name":"moral status of the fetus","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548836952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170675","display_name":"Personhood","level":2,"score":0.9214760065078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.7969822883605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778642596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8452","display_name":"Abortion","level":3,"score":0.7784136533737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.7688126564025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.6987184882164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909361669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8452","display_name":"Aborted Fetus","level":4,"score":0.6285897493362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5824177265167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.46176260709762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.44080305099487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.42476287484169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.40323197841644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3728523850440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2755531072616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18242138624191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.11955904960632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10253307223320007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2724133","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3713799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23908716","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23908716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3713799","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3713799/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Med Ethics Hist Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.499.4595","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.499.4595","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://journals.tums.ac.ir/upload_files/pdf/12792.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:94aae6cbef9c4207b521ac534c2f948a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/94aae6cbef9c4207b521ac534c2f948a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, Vol 2 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fb71cad451814a489592433d79ab143e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fb71cad451814a489592433d79ab143e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, Vol 2, Pp 1-4 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:5051228","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23908716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2724133","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3713799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968655664","https://openalex.org/W2009752962","https://openalex.org/W2024190269","https://openalex.org/W2062184437","https://openalex.org/W2066488092","https://openalex.org/W2072579585","https://openalex.org/W2116509951","https://openalex.org/W2128419930","https://openalex.org/W2144854156","https://openalex.org/W2617285180","https://openalex.org/W2799258339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098814677","https://openalex.org/W83824465","https://openalex.org/W4229580971","https://openalex.org/W2409022447","https://openalex.org/W3126951348","https://openalex.org/W4238779356","https://openalex.org/W2014544946","https://openalex.org/W2237306706","https://openalex.org/W2099264642","https://openalex.org/W2069803644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abortion":[0],"is":[1,17,42,47,63,89,121,149,163],"one":[2],"of":[3,23,50,83,102,108,118,126,138,159,181,197,200],"the":[4,14,21,75,81,96,100,106,119,135,139,141,156,160,173,178,182,186,198],"controversial":[5],"issues":[6],"discussed":[7],"in":[8,61,98,195],"medical":[9],"ethics.":[10],"We":[11],"can":[12],"formulate":[13],"argument":[15,77,120],"which":[16,99,148,167],"put":[18],"forward":[19],"by":[20,172],"opponents":[22],"abortion":[24,103,127],"as":[25,33,86,122],"follows:":[26],"1)":[27],"fetus":[28,85],"has":[29],"to":[30,72,80,134,144,146,155,169,177],"be":[31,170,191],"regarded":[32],"human":[34,40,55,87],"being;":[35],"2)":[36],"killing":[37,51],"an":[38,48],"innocent":[39],"being":[41,59,88],"morally":[43,64,150],"wrong;":[44],"3)":[45],"aborting":[46,62],"example":[49],"and":[52,91,112],"terminating":[53],"a":[54,131,164],"being's":[56],"life.":[57],"So,":[58],"engaged":[60],"wrong.":[65],"In":[66,93],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"I":[69],"am":[70],"going":[71],"argue":[73],"that":[74],"proponents'":[76],"with":[78,130,175],"regard":[79,176],"implausibility":[82],"categorizing":[84],"unjustified":[90],"wanting.":[92],"other":[94],"words,":[95],"way":[97],"proponents":[101,125,142,174],"talk":[104],"about":[105],"idea":[107],"personhood":[109],"is,":[110],"inadequate":[111],"vague,":[113],"semantically":[114],"speaking.":[115,153],"The":[116,124],"outline":[117],"follows.":[123],"are":[128],"confronted":[129],"dilemma.":[132],"According":[133,154],"first":[136,187],"horn":[137,158],"dilemma,":[140,161],"have":[143],"subscribe":[145],"infanticide":[147],"wrong,":[151],"intuitively":[152],"second":[157],"there":[162],"semantic":[165],"story":[166],"needs":[168],"expressed":[171],"cut-off":[179],"point":[180],"concept":[183],"'personhood'.":[184],"Otherwise,":[185],"premise":[188],"will":[189],"not":[190],"convincing":[192],"if":[193],"raised":[194],"favour":[196],"plausibility":[199],"committing":[201],"abortion.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
