{"id":"https://openalex.org/W499833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501713323","title":"The Affirmative Action Empire","display_name":"The Affirmative Action Empire","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W499833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501713323","mag":"499833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7591/9781501713323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501713323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501713323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463067","display_name":"Cornell University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"edited-book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110352978","display_name":"Terry Martin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Terry Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110352978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3193,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95283528,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11070","display_name":"Soviet and Russian History","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11070","display_name":"Soviet and Russian History","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13747","display_name":"Sociopolitical Dynamics in Russia","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12686","display_name":"Central European national history","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soviet-nationality-policy","display_name":"Soviet nationalities policy","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nationalities-question","display_name":"nationalities question","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-minorities","display_name":"ethnic minorities","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-consciousness","display_name":"national consciousness","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-territory","display_name":"national territory","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-language","display_name":"national language","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affirmative-action","display_name":"affirmative action","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stalinism","display_name":"Stalinism","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russification","display_name":"Russification","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiethnic-state","display_name":"multiethnic state","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nationalism","display_name":"nationalism","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soviet-union","display_name":"Soviet Union","score":0.5440000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778495208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48349","display_name":"Empire","level":2,"score":0.8277571797370911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777732099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214244","display_name":"Affirmative action","level":2,"score":0.7607348561286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5071060657501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3958092927932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3353872001171112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3311867117881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2617412805557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.058260440826416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7591/9781501713323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501713323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501713323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463067","display_name":"Cornell University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"edited-book"},{"id":"mag:499833","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7849161M/The_Affirmative_Action_Empire","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056294198","https://openalex.org/W4388358718","https://openalex.org/W2492464112","https://openalex.org/W2494115136","https://openalex.org/W2329268708","https://openalex.org/W6949172765","https://openalex.org/W4401705035","https://openalex.org/W3035811011","https://openalex.org/W589679167","https://openalex.org/W2502396852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Soviet":[1,103,146,186,207],"Union":[2],"was":[3,75],"the":[4,12,20,33,38,42,44,69,102,106,111,117,123,132,141,145,154,165,185,193,210,214,217],"first":[5,134],"of":[6,15,23,32,37,54,56,71,101,105,120,125,127,156,168,196],"Europe's":[7],"multiethnic":[8,85],"states":[9],"to":[10,48,152,171,202,206],"confront":[11],"rising":[13],"tide":[14],"nationalism":[16],"by":[17,116,212],"systematically":[18],"promoting":[19],"national":[21,57,62,65,121,129,157,173],"consciousness":[22,158],"its":[24,160],"ethnic":[25],"minorities":[26],"and":[27,67,78,93,113,131,221],"establishing":[28],"for":[29],"them":[30],"many":[31,188],"institutional":[34],"forms":[35],"characteristic":[36],"modern":[39],"nation-state.":[40],"In":[41],"1920s,":[43],"Bolshevik":[45],"government,":[46],"seeking":[47],"defuse":[49],"nationalist":[50],"sentiment,":[51],"created":[52,115],"tens":[53],"thousands":[55],"territories.":[58],"It":[59],"trained":[60],"new":[61],"leaders,":[63],"established":[64],"languages,":[66,130],"financed":[68],"production":[70],"national-language":[72],"cultural":[73],"products.This":[74],"a":[76,84,90,203],"massive":[77],"fascinating":[79],"historical":[80],"experiment":[81],"in":[82,144,176,209],"governing":[83],"state.":[86],"Terry":[87],"Martin":[88,139,191],"provides":[89],"comprehensive":[91],"survey":[92],"interpretation,":[94],"based":[95],"on":[96,184],"newly":[97],"available":[98],"archival":[99],"sources,":[100],"management":[104],"nationalities":[107],"question.":[108],"He":[109],"traces":[110],"conflicts":[112],"tensions":[114],"geographic":[118],"definition":[119],"territories,":[122],"establishment":[124],"dozens":[126],"official":[128],"world's":[133],"mass":[135],"\"affirmative":[136],"action\"":[137],"programs.":[138],"examines":[140],"contradictions":[142],"inherent":[143],"nationality":[147,220],"policy,":[148],"which":[149],"sought":[150],"simultaneously":[151],"foster":[153],"growth":[155],"among":[159],"minority":[161],"populations":[162],"while":[163,179],"dictating":[164],"exact":[166],"content":[167],"their":[169],"cultures;":[170],"sponsor":[172],"liberation":[174],"movements":[175],"neighboring":[177],"countries,":[178],"eliminating":[180],"all":[181],"foreign":[182],"influence":[183],"Union's":[187],"diaspora":[189],"nationalities.":[190],"explores":[192],"political":[194],"logic":[195],"Stalin's":[197],"policies":[198],"as":[199,216],"he":[200],"responded":[201],"perceived":[204],"threat":[205],"unity":[208],"1930s":[211],"re-establishing":[213],"Russians":[215],"state's":[218],"leading":[219],"deporting":[222],"numerous":[223],"\"enemy":[224],"nations.\"":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}