{"id":"https://openalex.org/W49947187","doi":null,"title":"The Canada-U.S. softwood lumber dispute : an interdependence approach","display_name":"The Canada-U.S. softwood lumber dispute : an interdependence approach","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W49947187","mag":"49947187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:summit.sfu.ca:5160","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://summit.sfu.ca/item/5160","pdf_url":"http://summit.sfu.ca/item/5160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400490","display_name":"Summit (Simon Fraser University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","host_organization_name":"Simon Fraser University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://summit.sfu.ca/item/5160","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054690568","display_name":"Sharn Tyakoff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sharn Tyakoff","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054690568"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13655","display_name":"Canadian Policy and Governance","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13655","display_name":"Canadian Policy and Governance","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence-theory","display_name":"interdependence theory","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-interdependence","display_name":"complex interdependence","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countervailing-duties","display_name":"countervailing duties","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-subsidies","display_name":"trade subsidies","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilateral-trade-disputes","display_name":"bilateral trade disputes","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canada-united-states-relations","display_name":"Canada\u2013United States relations","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispute-resolution","display_name":"dispute resolution","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83608634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252108","display_name":"Softwood","level":2,"score":0.7983590364456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.358026385307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3420053720474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33430689573287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.2082059681415558}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:summit.sfu.ca:5160","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://summit.sfu.ca/item/5160","pdf_url":"http://summit.sfu.ca/item/5160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400490","display_name":"Summit (Simon Fraser University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","host_organization_name":"Simon Fraser University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:summit.sfu.ca:node-5160","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://summit.sfu.ca/_flysystem/fedora/sfu_migrate/5160/b14965586.pdf","pdf_url":"https://summit.sfu.ca/_flysystem/fedora/sfu_migrate/5160/b14965586.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400490","display_name":"Summit (Simon Fraser University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","host_organization_name":"Simon Fraser University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:49947187","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://summit.sfu.ca/item/5160","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:summit.sfu.ca:5160","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://summit.sfu.ca/item/5160","pdf_url":"http://summit.sfu.ca/item/5160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400490","display_name":"Summit (Simon Fraser University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","host_organization_name":"Simon Fraser University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W49947187.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W49947187.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22160326","https://openalex.org/W627843084","https://openalex.org/W1987450828","https://openalex.org/W1987535938","https://openalex.org/W1989833387","https://openalex.org/W2027459608","https://openalex.org/W2047431977","https://openalex.org/W2053164161","https://openalex.org/W2056011603","https://openalex.org/W2098567300","https://openalex.org/W2099702564","https://openalex.org/W2104216334","https://openalex.org/W2118038608","https://openalex.org/W2126639195","https://openalex.org/W2140309525","https://openalex.org/W2155424107","https://openalex.org/W2297005539","https://openalex.org/W2315155046","https://openalex.org/W2319026486","https://openalex.org/W2327282031","https://openalex.org/W2327416971","https://openalex.org/W2328528251","https://openalex.org/W2331770147","https://openalex.org/W2559739687","https://openalex.org/W2899310383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594248888","https://openalex.org/W1904117771","https://openalex.org/W195843428","https://openalex.org/W4238101758","https://openalex.org/W1572576417","https://openalex.org/W4255286466","https://openalex.org/W4403024340","https://openalex.org/W2270748778","https://openalex.org/W7098225961","https://openalex.org/W229978526"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"his":[0],"thesis":[1],"is":[2,22,31,131,177],"a":[3,23,193,205,245,288,309],"study":[4,98,130,163,210],"of":[5,32,41,74,116,121,128,144,164,172,185,195,202,214,216,224,228,234,247,252,270,295],"the":[6,27,38,51,56,72,100,117,122,125,129,132,142,145,162,170,175,183,191,200,212,222,231,235,241,250,256,259,267,273,301],"Canada-U.S.":[7],"softwood":[8,69],"lumber":[9,20,57,70,86,123,242,275],"dispute":[10,276],"and":[11,30,119,139,150,187,199,221,266],"attempts":[12],"to":[13,35,45,63,84,103,108,141,161,179,240,249,264,304,308],"determine":[14,104],"what":[15,105],"factors":[16,106],"influenced":[17],"its":[18],"outcome.The":[19],"issue":[21],"significant":[24],"problem":[25],"in":[26,55,111,174,207,230,272,287],"bilateral":[28],"relationship":[29,176],"particular":[33],"importance":[34,213],"Canada":[36,279],"given":[37],"increasing":[39],"ability":[40],"American":[42,76],"interest":[43],"groups":[44],"obtain":[46],"protection":[47],"for":[48],"their":[49],"industries.Moreover,":[50],"subsidy":[52],"allegations":[53],"made":[54],"case":[58,243],"could":[59],"also":[60],"be":[61],"applied":[62,155,239],"other":[64],"natural":[65],"resources.In":[66],"1982-83":[67],"Canadian":[68,85],"was":[71],"subject":[73],"an":[75,114,156],"countervailing":[77],"duty":[78],"investigation,":[79],"which":[80,283],"determined":[81],"that":[82,169,258,278,292],"subsidies":[83],"producers":[87],"were":[88],"de":[89],"m":[90,94],"i":[91,93,217,218,219],"n":[92],"u":[95],"s":[96],".This":[97],"uses":[99],"interdependence":[101,157,236],"framework":[102,158],"contributed":[107],"Canada's":[109,293],"success":[110,296],"1983,":[112],"through":[113],"examination":[115],"documents":[118],"reports":[120],"dispute.Although":[124],"primary":[126],"focus":[127],"1981-83":[133],"period,":[134],"subsequent":[135],"events":[136],"are":[137,297],"reviewed":[138],"related":[140,178],"analysis":[143],"earlier":[146],"stage.Robert":[147],"0":[148],".Keohane":[149],"Joseph":[151],"S.":[152],"Nye":[153],"have":[154,281],"(\"complex":[159],"interdependence\")":[160],"Canadian-American":[165],"relations.I":[166],"t":[167],"postulates":[168],"outcome":[171],"conflict":[173,271],"several":[180],"factors,":[181],"including":[182],"multiplicity":[184],"socio-economic":[186],"political":[188],"connections":[189],"between":[190],"states:":[192],"lack":[194,246],"hierarchy":[196],"among":[197],"issues;":[198],"absence":[201],"force":[203],"as":[204,238],"tool":[206],"settling":[208],"disputes.This":[209],"reveals":[211],"asymmetry":[215],"attention":[220,248,307],"role":[223],"heterogeneity":[225],"versus":[226],"homogeneity":[227],"interests":[229],"dispute.The":[232],"limitations":[233],"approach":[237],"include":[244],"validity":[251],"each":[253],"side's":[254],"case;":[255],"costs":[257],"smaller":[260],"power":[261],"must":[262],"incur":[263],"win;":[265],"ongoing":[268],"nature":[269],"relationship.The":[274],"shows":[277],"does":[280],"resources":[282],"it":[284],"can":[285],"utilize":[286],"trade":[289],"dispute,":[290],"but":[291],"chances":[294],"greatly":[298],"diminished":[299],"when":[300],"U.S.":[302],"decides":[303],"devote":[305],"more":[306],"contentious":[310],"issue.....":[311]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-31T07:19:18.363097","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}